Seminar on MATLAB

Introduction and Basic of MATLAB

1. SEMINAR ON MATLAB PREPARED BY NAME: DHARMESH TANK MEMBERSHIP NO: 197445 STREAM: AMIETE-CS SEMINAR CODE : AC- 70 SUBMITTED TO, INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEER, AHMEDABAD 8/7/2011

2. oUTLINE HISTORY OF MATLAB STRUCTURE OF MATLAB MATLAB WINDOW COMPARISION OF MATLAB MATLAB PROGRAMMING APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES MATLAB IN TODAY

3. HISTORY OF MATLAB Engineering and scientific application involve lots of “Numbering C runching”. Such crunching generated some problems:- Loss of precision and inaccurate results. Underflow, overflow and didn’t recognize degeneracy. Insufficient coding of algorithm. Programming errors. The U.S. Govt. recognized these insufficient problems and they commissioned “Numerical Analysis ” to write good quality of algorithm for common tasks.

4. Continue.…. Make the results freely available as "libraries" of subroutines than anyone can use in their programs. Numerical analysis is based on numerical libraries : 1 . LINPACK (Linear Algebra/LAPACK) 2 . EISPACK (Eigen values & Eigen vectors) CLEVE MOLOER, mathematician, C.S. Professor, and co-author of LINPACK & EISPACK, thought this is still too much work “write FORTRAN command, debug, compile , run.....”. He wanted to give students easy access to these libraries.

5. INVENTION OF MATLAB Then in 1970 Mr. MOLOER wrote MATLAB, which is referred as “MATrix LABoratory”. It’s provides interactive environment, easy input- output , operation on whole vectors or matrix at once. Matlab has the ability:- Variable management Data import and export Calculation based on matrix Generates plots and graphs

6. Continue…. These qualities made it’s popularity through mouth publication. JACK LITTLE, an engineer recognize its commercial potential and joined with MOLOER & his friend STEVE BANGERT rewrote the MATLAB in C language with “M-FILES”(stored programs). They established “MATHWORKS ” company on DEC 7 1984 at Natick, Massachusetts, United States. The “ MATHWORKS” is now responsible for development, sale, and support for MATLAB.

7. WHAT IS MATLAB ? MATLAB is a fourth generation programming language which provide numerical computing environment, data visualization, data analysis and interactive algorithm development feature. MATLAB is a simple programming language with its own extensive library of mathematical (M-files)and graphical subroutines. MATLAB is a software program that allows you to do data manipulation and visualization, calculations , math and programming. It can be used to do very simple as well as very sophisticated tasks.

8. FEATURES OF MATLAB High level language for technical computing. Development environment for manage code, files , data visualization. Mathematical function for linear algebra, statistics, Fourier analysis. Functions for integrating MATLAB based algorithms with external applications and languages, such as C, C++, Fortran,Java etc. Use of toolboxes extend the MATLAB environment to solve particular class of application problem.

9. STRUCTURE OF MATLAB SERIES OF MATLAB COMMAND (SCRIPT FILE) MATLAB M FILE MAT FILE COMMAND LINE FUNCATION DATA STORAGE/LOADING COMMAND EXECUTION LIKE DOS WINDOW INPUT & OUTPUT CAPABILITY

10. Files that contain computer code known as M FILE. It have two types : 1 )script file 2 )function file Script file : I t don’t take i/p arguments or return o/p arguments. Function file : whether this file take i/p arguments or return o/p arguments. *.m is the extension of M files. MAT FILE (*.mat) is created by MATLAB with save and read with load. MEX FILE(*.mex) MATLAB callable codes compiled from other language. Continue….

11. Command Windows: Where all commands and programs are run. Write the command or program name and hit Enter . Command History: Shows the last commands run on the Command Windows. A command can be recovered clicking twice. Current directory: Shows the directory where work will be done. Workspace: To see the variables in use and their dimensions (if working with matrices) BASIC ELEMENTS OF MATLAB

12. MATLAB window COMMAND WINDOW COMMAND HISTORY CURRENT DIRECTORY & WORKSPACE

13. FORTRAN C MATLAB REQUIRED DATATYPE (REAL,INTEGER, CHARACTER) REQUIRED DATATYPES (double, int, char) No data declaration required ! Comments % Comments /* Comments */ DO WHILE (a.EQ. 0) ……. ENDDO While (a== {……; } While a== ……… End READ *,a scanf a=input(‘a :’) WRITE printf fprintf f 77 code.f cc code.c Interpreted

14. MATLAB PROGRAMMING There are no variable declaration necessary to perform operation. MATLAB use control flow:- The for loop :- syntax: for start : increment : end command end The while loop :- syntax: while expression statements end

15. If-else-end :- syntax: if expression commands(evaluate if exp. Is true) else commands(evaluate if exp. Is false) end Switch case :- syntax: switch (expression) case value 1 (execute if exp. Evaluate case 1 ) commands case value 2 (execute if exp. Evaluate case 2 ) commands . . otherwise statements end

16. regular & Logical expression A logical array of 1 (true) and 0 (false) values is returned as a result of applying logical operators to arrays; Example :a = [4 0 -2 7 0] 1) a > 0 ( Greater than) ans =1 0 0 1 0 2) a == 7 (Equal to) ans =0 0 0 1 3) a < 0 ( L ess than) ans =0 0 1 0 0

17. 4) a ~= 0 ( Not equal to) ans =1 0 1 1 0 5 ) (a >= 0) && (a <= 4) ( Logical AND) ans =1 1 0 0 1 6) ( a < 0) | ( a > 4) ( Logical OR) ans =0 0 1 1 0 7 )~(( a < 0) | (a > 4)) ( Logical NOT) ans =1 1 0 0 1

18. Matrix manipulation A =[1 2 3 4 ; 5 6 7 8] A= 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 An empty array A = [ ] A = 1:5 A =1 2 3 4 5 A = 1:2:5 A =1 3 5 A = 10:-2:1 A=10 8 6 4 2 A = ones(1,5) A =1 1 1 1 1 To create a identity matrix : eye(3 ) ans = 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

19. Continue… A (:) ( Convert matrix to column vector) ans = 1 5 3 7 A = A(:)' ( Convert matrix to row vector) ans = 1 5 3 7 A = 1 2 3 4 5 sum(A) ( Array summation) ans =15

20. Eg: A = 1 2 3 4 5 cumsum(A) ( Cumulative summation) ans = 1 3 6 10 15 Eg: A = 1 3 4 5 7 8 sum(A) ( Simple summation) ans = 6 10 12 sum(A,2) ( Sum along rows) ans = 8 20 sum(A,1) ( Sum along columns) ans = 6 10 12 sum(sum(A )) ( Sum entire matrix) ans =28

21. EXAMPLE: Plot the function sin(x) between 0≤x≤4 π Create an x-array of 100 samples between 0 and 4 π . Calculate sin(.) of the x-array Plot the y-array >> x= linspace (0,4*pi,100 ); >>y=sin(x); >>plot(y)

22. help / lists all operators and special characters, along with their descriptions. help functionname displays a brief description and the syntax for functionname in the Command Window . help methodname displays help for the method methodname. You may need to qualify methodname with its class . help classname displays help for the class classname. You may need to qualify classname with its package. etc.. Useful command >>help command

23. Application of matlab Control system design and Analysis. Digital processing Image & video processing and Computer vision Computational Biology Computational Finance Mathematical Concepts(Magic square) and Theory(Fibonacci series etc.) Cryptography Communication system

24. Advantage of matlab MATLAB is provide its user accurate solution of the problems & produce code easily. MATLAB code is optimized to be quick when performing matrix operation. MATLAB is interpreted language, errors are easier to fix. Give visualize results without the need for complicated and time consuming programming . Inexpensive software.

25. WEAKNESS OF MATLAB MATLAB is not a general purpose programming language. MATLAB is interpreted language, make it some part slower then compiled language such C++ MATLAB is designed for scientific computation so it’s not suitable for some thing like(parsing text)

26. Matlab Today Used to programs microprocessor and controller A standard tool in both professional and academic use "Toolboxes" providing functions for many applications: control systems identification bio-informatics statistics and time-series analysis Can do symbolic mathematics, too. Simulink: GUI based simulation tool

27. THANK YOU …..