serotyping.pptx

s. Divya johnson
I msc microbiology
serotyping.

1. SRI PARAMAKALYANI COLLEGE ( Reaccredited with A+ Grade with a CGPA of 3.9 in the III Cycle of NAAC Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli) ALWARKURICHI -627 412 POST GRADUATE & RESEARCH CENTRE - DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY (Government Aided) SUBMITTED BY S. Divya johnson 1st Msc . MICROBIOLOGY SRI PARAMAKALYANI COLLEGE SUBMITTED TO Dr.S.VISWANATHAN, Ph.D , HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SRI PARAMAKALYANI COLLEGE SEROTYPING - IMMUNOLOGY

2. A  serotype  or  serovar  is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These Bacteria, viruses or cells are classified together based on their cell surface antigens, allowing the epidemiologic classification of organisms to the subspecies level. WHAT IS SEROTYPE

3. SEROTYPE Serotypes were discovered by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933. Two  serotypes  1a and 1b with antigens  2a and 2b on surface, which are recognized by two distinct antibodies, 3a and 3b, respectively.

4. WHAT IS SEROTYPING Serotyping is a process of detecting members of the same species with difference / variations in their antigenic features. Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies.

5. The Kauffman–White classification scheme is the basis for naming the manifold serotype of Salmonella. To date, more than 2600 different serotypes have been identified. "O" antigen - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) "H" antigen is based on the flagellar (protein) antigens. SEROTYPING OF SALMONELLA

6. TYPES OF SALMONELLA

7. There are two species of  Salmonella :  Salmonella bongori  and  Salmonella enterica .  Salmonella enterica  can be subdivided into six subspecies. The process to identify the serotype of the bacterium consists of finding the formula of surface antigens which represent the variations of the bacteria.

8. The traditional method for determining the antigen formula is agglutination reactions on slides. The agglutination between the antigen and the antibody is made with a specific antisera. The antigen O is tested with a bacterial suspension from an agar plate, whereas the antigen H is tested with a bacterial suspension from a broth culture.

9. The immune system is capable of discerning a cell as being 'self' or 'non-self' according to that cell's serotype. In humans, that serotype is largely determined by human leukocyte antigen (HLA), the human version of the major histocompatibility complex. Cells determined to be non-self are usually recognized by the immune system as foreign, causing an immune response, such as hemagglutination.

10. Serotypes differ widely between individuals; therefore, if cells from one human (or animal) are introduced into another random human, those cells are often determined to be non-self because they do not match the self-serotype. For this reason, transplants between genetically non-identical humans often induce a problematic immune response in the recipient, leading to transplant rejection. In some situations this effect can be reduced by serotyping both recipient and potential donors to determine the closest HLA match.

11. THANK YOU