Service core

Source: Internet

1. SERVICE CORE PRESENTED BY ADUITI SHARMA H.V . MAHALAKSHMI

2. INDEX STAIRCASES………………………………………………………………………….. ELEVATORS…………………………………………………………………………… UTILITY DUCTS……………………………………………………………………… FINISHES……………………………………………………………………………….. 1 5 9 12

3. STAIRCASE DOORWAYS: Shall open into an enclosed stairways or a horizontal exit providing protected means of an egress. Shall not be less than 1000 mm in width, except in assembly buildings where it should not be less than 2000 mm in width. Shall not be less than 2000 mm in height. INTERNAL FIRE STAIRS: Shall be composed of non-combustible materials throughout. It should open to the exterior of the building on the ground floor. They shall be of enclosed type; shall not be arranged around a lift shaft. Minimum flight width = 1000 mm , maximum flight width = 2000 mm minimum tread = 250 mm, maximum riser = 190 mm, minimum head room = 2200 mm Maximum travel distance : 30 m For fully sprinkled building, the travel distance may be increased by 50 percent of the values specified PRESSURIZATION: The establishment of a pressure difference across a barrier to protect a stairway, lobby, escape route or room of a building from smoke penetration. Pressurization Level (a) When in operation, the pressurization system shall maintain a pressure differential of not less than 50 pa between the pressurized exit staircase and the occupied area when all doors are closed. (b) Where a pressurization system is extended to the smoke stop lobby, the pressure gradient shall be such that the pressure at the exit staircase shall always be higher. (c) The force required to open any door against the combined resistance of the pressurizing air and the automatic door closing mechanism shall not exceed 110 N at the door handle. 1

4. STAIRCASE Where the smoke stop lobby is pressurized, the pressure gradient shall be such that the pressure at the exit staircase is always higher. 2

5. STAIRCASE The above installation is not acceptable as over pressurization would occur at the upper portion of the staircase. Supply air to the staircase should be well distributed by a vertical supply duct, preferably serving all the levels of the staircase. An example of an arrangement showing good distribution of supply air can be seen in the above diagram. The pressurization system shall be automatically activated by the building fire alarm system. In addition, a remote manual start-stop switch shall be made available to firemen at the fire command center, or at the fire indicating board where there is no fire command center. Visual indication of the operation status of the pressurization system shall be provided 3

6. STAIRCASE SYSTEM AIR PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM: Principle New ideas and ways to overcome physical law. The air fl ow at the open door to the fi re room must be kept at 0.75 or 2 m/s. If the entrance door is open for escape, a large amount of air is led out of the stairway. This air volume must be replenished additionally. Airfl ow reduction allows the selection of a smaller sized fan and especially smaller ducting. This enables cost reduction and space saving. 4

7. ELEVATORS ELEVATORS: Ele vators are devices that move people and goods vertically within a dedicated shaft that connects the floors of a building. They became commonplace in the 1850s as steel and iron structural frames allowed taller construction; however it was Elisha Otis's safety mechanism that prevented the car from falling that made elevators popular.   FIRE LIFT : One fire lift per 1200 sq m floor area shall be provided. Area of lift > 1.4 sq m loading capacity > 545 kg (8 people) Should have a ceiling hatch Lift close to the fire exit door can be used as Fireman’s Lift 5

8. ELEVATORS 6

9. ELEVATORS TYPES OF ELEVATORS: HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS : Hydraulic elevators are supported by a piston at the bottom of the elevator that pushes the elevator up as an electric motor forces oil or another hydraulic fluid into the piston.  The elevator descends as a valve releases the fluid from the piston. They are used for low-rise applications of 2-8 stories and travel at a maximum speed of 200 feet per minute. The machine room for hydraulic elevators is located at the lowest level adjacent to the elevator shaft. GEARED AND GEARLESS TRACTION ELEVATORS WITH MACHINE ROOM Traction elevators  are lifted by ropes, which pass over a wheel attached to an electric motor above the elevator shaft.  They are used for mid and high-rise applications and have much higher travel speeds than hydraulic elevators.  A counter weight makes the elevators more efficient by offsetting the weight of the car and occupants so that the motor doesn't have to move as much weight. Geared Traction Elevators have a gearbox that is attached to the motor, which drives the wheel that moves the ropes.  Geared traction elevators are capable of travel speeds up to 500 feet per minute. The maximum travel distance for a geared traction elevator is around 250 feet. Gear-less Traction Elevators  have the wheel attached directly to the motor.  Gear-less traction elevators are capable of speeds up to 2,000 feet per minute and they have a maximum travel distance of around 2,000 feet so they are the only choice for high-rise applications. Traction elevators have height restrictions that are governed by the length and weight of the cables or ropes. New materials that are stronger and lighter, such as carbon fiber, will allow traction elevators to achieve new heights. Machine-Room-Less Elevators  are traction elevators that do not have a dedicated machine room above the elevator shaft.  The machine sits in the override space and is accessed from the top of the elevator cab when maintenance or repairs are required. The control boxes are located in a control room that is adjacent to the elevator shaft on the highest landing and within around 150 feet of the machine. Machine-room-less elevators have a maximum travel distance of up to 250 feet and can travel at speeds up to 500 feet-per-minute. MRL elevators are comparable to geared traction elevators in terms of initial and maintenance costs, but they have relatively low energy consumption compared to geared elevators. Machine-room-less elevators are becoming the most popular choice for mid-rise buildings where the travel distance is up to 250 feet. They are energy efficient, require less space, and their operation and reliability are on par with gear-less traction elevators. MACHINE-ROOM-LESS ( MRL ) ELEVATORS 7

10. ELEVATORS MARKET EXAMPLES : 8

11. UTILITY DUCTS GARBAGE CHUTE G arbage chute systems are a highly practical , simple and cost - effective solution for handling domestic garbage in low and high - rise buildings ; they are suitable for both indoor and outdoor installation and are normally incorporated in the building construction phase , however , they can also be retrofitted in sophisticating the garbage disposal system of the building. Garbage chutes are available in the following diameters as standard: 450 mm ; 500 mm ; 550 mm ; 600 mm ; 700 mm ; 800 mm. Other diameters available are optional. Technical specification LINEN GARBAGE CHUTE MATERIALS GALVANISED IRON GARBAGE CHUTE 9

12. UTILITY DUCTS GARBAGE CHUTE DRAWINGS PLAN SECTION ELEVATION 10

13. UTILITY DUCTS DUMB WAITERS A dumbwaiter is a small freight elevator (or lift) intended to carry objects rather than people. Dumbwaiters found within modern structures, including both commercial, public and private buildings, are often connected between multiple floors. When installed in restaurants, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, retirement homes or in private homes, the lifts generally terminate in a kitchen. A simple dumbwaiter is a movable frame in a shaft, dropped by a rope on a pulley, guided by rails; most dumbwaiters have a shaft, cart, and capacity smaller than those of passenger elevators, usually 45 to 450 kg (100 to 1000 lbs.)[2] Before electric motors were added in the 1920s, dumbwaiters were controlled manually by ropes on pulleys 11

14. FINISHES LIFT PIT WATERPROOFING: Standard Waterproofing detail The standard types of waterproofing systems available and used in ‘new build’ are ·        Self adhesive bitumen sheet type membranes ·        Glass fiber reinforced pit liners ·        Cement based render systems DR. FIXIT WATERPROOFING OF LIFT PITS: Methodology SURFACE PREPARATION Before applying the waterproofing membrane, clean the surface for any debris, etc. Remove all surface imperfections, protrusions, structurally unsound and loose concrete, and repair with polymer modified mortar using Dr. Fixit Pidicrete URP . Where separate concrete layers are poured at different levels, fill and smoothen the gaps to obtain a comparatively smoother surface. When cleaning the substrate, remove any pollutants - such as chemicals, curing agents, etc. - which may affect then membrane adhesion. Angle fillets with a polymer modified mortar of the measurements 1 inch x 1 inch. 2. APPLICATION Apply three coats of Dr. Fixit Solyseal to the inside area of the lift pit to a total thickness of 2 mm. Leave this to be air-cured. On the inside corners, over the angle fillets, place a glass fibre mesh measuring 2 mm x 2 mm as a reinforcement over the first coat of Dr. Fixit Solyseal , while it is still wet. Subsequently the next two coats can be applied after the previous coat is touch-dry. Place a protection board of 4 mm thickness to protect it from damages at the site and the installation of the lift car. ¬¬ 12

15. FINISHES SHAFTS INTERNAL FINISHES 13

16. FINISHES SHAFTS INTERNAL FINISHES 14