more likely to fail than in acourse with active -learning techniques (1).Active
learning strategies can include collaborative problem solving, personal response
systems, studio courses, ConcepT ests, case method teaching, and service learning.
Ten active -learning strategies were reviewed by Kuh as high -impact educational
practices (2).These were defined as high impact since participation in these
activities resulted in increases in student engagement, grade point averages,
and retention. Most importantly ,all students benefited in some way and there
was ahigher impact for historically underserved students. The high -impact
active -learning strategies included first -year seminars, common intellectual
experiences, learning communities, writing -intensive courses, collaborative
projects, under graduate research, global learning, service learning, internships,
and capstone projects (2).
One of these active -learning activities, service learning, attempts to increase
learning, and at the same time engage students with their greater community (3,
4).Service learning isgenerally defined as acombination of active learning and
practice, most often serving the community .In the strongest cases, service learning
iscoupled with substantive reflection, making obvious connections to the role a
university plays in society ,and sometimes fulfilling areligious mission. Service
learning has in many cases deepened such connections. In addition, depending
on how the service learning is structured, itmay involve more than one of the
ten high -impact pedagogical practices (1).That is, the service -learning activity
could also involve alearning community ,acollaborative project, or global learning
especially with regard to civic responsibility or social justice issues.
Service learning ismore, however ,than simply active participation in some
local activity or event and aconnection toclass work. There isalmost always some
form of reflection on the part of the students to help connect what they have done
with the course content or on their personal growth. This isone of the reasons
that service learning has been utilized as long and as widely as ithas in liberal arts
courses (3,4).Numerous composition classes, as well as classes on such topics
as ethics and religious studies, incorporate some form of reflection, and service
learning provides the experience upon which todraw .Thus, tomany ,itseems that
service learning isconfined to the liberal arts, simply because itisstraightforward
to add reflection to the traditional disciplines of the humanities.
Envir onmental Connections and Incorporation of Service
Learning into Chemistry Courses
The science and engineering disciplines have obvious connections to
community involvement that lend themselves tothe use of service learning. While
there are several broad thrusts for chemistry professors who wish to use such
techniques, two that have become rather common are: utilizing college students
as teachers or mentors to younger students in the greater community (5–11);and
second, performing some form of local environmental monitoring or analysis in
achemistry course (12 –19).The science and engineering link to environmental
awareness may go back as far as the publication of Rachel Carson’ s,Silent Spring
2