SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS.pptx

Sexual reproduction is a biological process by which offspring are produced by the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms. It involves the fusion of specialized reproductive cells called gametes, which typically come from two different individuals of the same species.
Gamete Formation: Each parent produces specialized reproductive cells called gametes. In most animals, the male parent produces small, mobile gametes called sperm, while the female parent produces larger, usually immobile gametes called eggs. In plants, the male gamete is typically contained within pollen grains, and the female gamete is located within ovules.

Fertilization: The gametes from the male and female parents fuse during fertilization, forming a zygote. This process usually occurs through the union of the sperm and egg. Fertilization typically occurs externally in many aquatic organisms and internally in most terrestrial organisms.

Genetic Variation: One of the key features of sexual reproduction is the generation of genetic diversity. Offspring produced through sexual reproduction inherit genetic material from both parents, leading to genetic variation among individuals within a population. This genetic diversity is important for the adaptation and evolution of species over time.

Meiosis: In preparation for sexual reproduction, specialized cell division called meiosis occurs in the cells that give rise to gametes. Meiosis ensures that the resulting gametes contain only half the number of chromosomes found in other body cells, allowing the union of gametes to restore the full chromosome number in the zygote.
Sexual reproduction is the predominant mode of reproduction in multicellular organisms, including most animals, plants, and fungi. It offers several advantages, such as genetic diversity, which enhances the ability of organisms to adapt to changing environments and improves the overall fitness of populations.
Sexual reproduction is common in many multicellular organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi. It contrasts with asexual reproduction, where offspring are produced from a single parent and are genetically identical or very similar to that parent. The diversity introduced by sexual reproduction is advantageous for evolutionary processes, as it can lead to individuals with new combinations of traits that may be better adapted to changing environments.

1. REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

2. PLANT REPRODUCTION FLOWER - is the reproductive organ of plants Four Sets of Organs in a Flower 1. Sepals - collectively called calyx 2. Petals- collectively called corolla 3. Stamen - the male reproductive part of a flower 4. Pistil- the female reproductive part of a flower A flower that has all four sets of organs is said to be complete . And one that lacks one of these organs is described as incomplete.

3. The Pistil consists of three layers: 1. stigma 2. style 3. ovary The stamen has the ; 1. anther 2. filament

4. KINDS OF REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS 1. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION- a kind of reproduction where a sperm and an egg cell unite to form a zygote 2. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION- a kind of reproduction that needs no union of an egg and a sperm cell Example of Sexual Reproduction a. Pollination- the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower

5. The pollen grain that lands on the stigma develops a pollen tube that grows down through the style and into the ovary where the ovule is located. The sperm travels down the pollen tube and fertilizes the egg cell inside the ovule. The fertilized egg called the zygote develops into the embryo. The ovule becomes the seed. The ovary swells up and ripens to form a fruit. Inside the seeds plant embryo is located. This process is called FERTILIZATION.

6. If the transfer of pollen involves the same flower, it is termed self-pollination If the transfer is from one flower of one plant to another plant, it is called cross-pollination . Agents of Pollination 1. Insects 2. Wind 3. Birds 4. Humans

7. Example of Asexual Reproduction a. Vegetative Reproduction- a reproduction in plants that involves plant parts such as stem, roots, and leaves Examples of plants that grow through vegetative propagation : potato, garlic, ginger, cassava, carrots, ube , camote

8. Examples of Plants that Reproduce Asexually

9. S exual reproduction produces offspring that have features and properties different from their parent organism. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that have features and properties the same as their parent organism.

10. QUESTIONS : 1-2. What are the kinds of reproduction in plants? 3 . Which kind of reproduction involves the union of the sperm and egg cell? 4. What is the reproductive organ of a plant? 5-8. What are the organs of a flower? 9 . What do you call the female reproductive part of a flower? 10. How about the male reproductive part of a flower? 11-12. What are the parts of a stamen? 13-15. How about that of a pistil? 16. What is an example of a plant that reproduce asexually? 17-20. Give FOUR agents of pollination.

11. REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS

12. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION Sexual Reproduction- a reproduction that requires gametes from the parent organism Examples of animals that reproduce sexually : 1. Earthworm 2. Frog 3. Chicken

13. Asexual Reproduction- a reproduction that requires no gametes a. Fission The individual divides into two halves, after which each grows to the original form Example : Paramecium

14. b. Budding The parent organism produces offsprings by growing a replica in the form of an outgrowth called a bud in some parts of its body. After it has grow enough, it falls off and becomes an exact copy of its parent Example : Hydra and Sponges Hydra Sponges

15. c. Fragmentation Separated pieces of the parent organism can develop into an individual. Examples : starfish , flatworms STARFISH FLATWORM

16. TAPEWORM

17. 1-2 WHAT ARE THE TWO KINDS OF REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS? 3-4 EXAMPLES OF ANIMALS THAT REPRODUCE SEXUALLY. 5-6 EXAMPLES OF ANIMALS THAT REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY. 7 . A KIND OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION WHERE SEPARATED PIECES OF THE PARENT ORGANISM CAN DEVELOP INTO AN INDIVIDUAL. 8. A KIND OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS WHERE THE PARENT ORGANISM PRODUCES OFFSPRINGS BY GROWING A REPLICA IN THE FORM OF AN OUTGROWTH . 9. A KIND OF ASEXUAL REPPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS WHERE AN INDIVIDUAL DIVIDES INTO TWO HALVES, AFTER WHICH EACH GROWS TO THE ORIGINAL FORM