Shanghai World Financial Center

a partial requirement on building technology 5

1. Shanghai World Financial Center

2. Summary Description Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF) Developer: Mori Building Co. Structural engineer: Leslie E. Robertson Associates RLLP Main contractor: China State Construction Engineering Corp and Shanghai Construction (Group) General Co.

3. Summary Description Height Architectural: 492.0 m (1,614.2 ft ) Tip: 494.3 m (1,621.7 ft ) Roof: 487.4 m (1,599.1 ft ) Top floor: 474.0 m (1,555.1 ft ) Observatory: 474 m (1,555.1 ft ) Technical details Floor count: 101 Floor area: 381,600 m2 (4,107,500 sq ft ) Lifts/elevators: 91

4. Summary Description Type: Office, hotel, museum, observation, parking garage, retail Architectural style: Neo-Futurism Location: 100 Century Avenue, Pudong , Shanghai, China Construction started: 1997 Completed: 2008 Opening: 28 August 2008 Cost: RMB ¥ 8.17 billion (USD $ 1.20 billion) Owner: Shanghai World Financial Center Co., Ltd.

5. History Designed by American architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox, the 101-story tower was originally planned for construction in 1997, but work was temporarily interrupted by the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s, and was later paused to accommodate design changes by the Mori Building Company. The building of the tower was financed by several multinational firms, including Chinese, Japanese, and Hong Kong banks, as well as by the Japanese developer and American and European investors. The American investment bank Morgan Stanley coordinated the tower's financing for Mori Building.

6. Development Timeline 1994 Conclusion of land use rights transfer contract 1995 Establishment of Shanghai World Financial Center Co., Ltd. 1996 Draft design, Shanghai World Financial Center Design Draft Plan , received 1997 Expanded design, Shanghai World Financial Center Expanded Design Plan , received 1997 Work to install the steel pipe framework started 1998 Installation of steel pipe piles (2,000 units) and temporary pillars (199 units) completed 2003 Second cornerstone-laying ceremony 2008 Construction completed

7. Design Concept A square prism—the symbol used by the ancient Chinese to represent the earth—is intersected by two cosmic arcs, representing the heavens, as the tower ascends in gesture to the sky. The interaction between these two realms gives rise to the building’s form, carving a square sky portal at the top of the tower that lends balance to the structure and links the two opposing elements—the heavens and the earth. Soaring above the city skyline, the Shanghai World Financial Center stands as a symbol of commerce and culture that speaks to the city’s emergence as a global capital.

8. Architectural The most distinctive feature of the SWFC's design is the trapezoid aperture at the peak. The original design specified a circular aperture, 46 m (151  ft ) in diameter, to reduce the stresses of wind pressure  and to reference the Chinese mythological depiction of the sky as a circle.  It also resembled a Chinese moon gate due to its circular form in Chinese architecture. However, this initial design began facing protests from some Chinese, including the mayor of Shanghai, Chen Liangyu , who considered it too similar to the rising sun design of the Japanese flag. Pedersen then suggested that a bridge be placed at the bottom of the aperture to make it less circular.

9. Original Design

10. Architectural On 18 October 2005, KPF submitted an alternative design to Mori Building and a trapezoidal hole replaced the circle at the top of the tower, which in addition to changing the controversial design, would also be cheaper and easier to implement, according to the architects. Foreigners and Chinese alike informally refer to the building as the bottle opener, as some also find the Kingdom Centre in Riyadh.In fact, metal replicas of the building that function as actual bottle openers are sold in the observation deck gift shop.

11. Floor Plans

12. Structural The tower's trapezoid aperture is made up of structural steel and reinforced concrete. A large number of forces, such as wind loads, the people in the building and heavy equipment housed in the building, act on the SWFC's structure. These compressive and bending forces are carried down to the ground by the diagonal-braced frame (with added outrigger trusses). The design employs an effective use of material, because it decreases the thickness of the outer core shear walls and the weight of the structural steel in the perimeter walls .

13. Graphics: world’s tallest buildings

14. Graphics: world’s tallest buildings

15. Graphics: world’s tallest buildings

16. Graphics: shanghai world financial center

17. Graphics: shanghai world financial center

18. Graphics: shanghai world financial center

19. Graphics: shanghai world financial center

20. Graphics: shanghai world financial center

21. Graphics: shanghai world financial center

22. Sources: http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/pdf/shanghai-world-financial-center_2014-12-15-11-48-58.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_World_Financial_Center http://deskarati.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/The-Worlds-Tallest-Buildings.jpg http://www.kpf.com/project.asp?ID=35

23. Presentation by: Segnaben , Le Van O. Auxtero , Ivy D. Baltazar , Pauline Camille G. Pachao , Debbie Hope B. A Partial Requirement on Building Technology 5 Instructor: Arch. Eduardo B. Lledo

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