SHIMLA -THE Capital Hp genera knowledge.pptx

Hp GK

1. SHIMLA -THE CAPITAL

2. HILLS IN SHIMLA- Jakhu hills(8050FT) Elysigim hills(7400FT) Prospect hills(7140FT) Observatory hills Summer hill(6900FT ) Jakhu > Elysigim >prospect>observatory>summer hill Mall has crescent shape.

3. name derived from Shyamalaya meaning blue house .

4. First mention of shimla in 1817 came from the D iary of Scottish Officer -- LT pattrick and Alexandar gerrad . They mentioned that the area formed a part of the Keonthal state . The British connection with area developed only after battle sikh and gurkha and later b/w British and G urkha in 1814-1815. Treaty of Sangouli-Britishers and gurkhas Signed ---2 nd dec 1815 Ratify ---4 th march 1816

5. 1819 -1 st british residence in shimla called as COTTAGE WOOD . 1822- CP Kennedy erected 1 st pucca house in shimla near Vidhan sabha – KENNEDY HOUSE. Lord Amherst became 1st governor general to stay in Kennedy House in 1827.

6. Kennedy house-

7. In 1830 britishers acquire 12 villages from Keonthal and gave pargana of Rawin . Bharouli Pargana was given to Maharaja of Patiala in exchange of Cheog , kaithu , Bagleg . 1832-Lord William Bentinck visited Shimla and stayed at Commbermare house . 1833-1 st fun fair at Anadelle was organised to raise funds for Girls school at Subathu . Potato cultivation was introduced in shimla by Kennedy.

8. Bentinck castle--1832

9. Auckland house-1838

10. Cantonment zones- 1842-Kasauli cantonment 1843-Jutogh cantonment 1847-Dagshai cantonment

11. Christ church-1844 Designer- Jhon T Boielu . Neo Gothic Style. 1 st corner stone by Daniel Wilson (Bishop of Calcutta). 2 nd oldest church in north India.(1 st St John Church in Meerut).

12. VICTOR JACQUEMENT (FRENCH )—He give detailed version of shimla life. 1 st shop belong to mr Barelet and co. belonged to Butcherry on mall road. Mr Barelet opened 1 st Billard Shop and OLD SHIMLA BANK.

13. Lord Dalhousie- He spent three consecutive summer from 1849-51 at Shimla . He visited in the remote Chinni ( Kinnaur ). HINDUSTAN AND TIBETAN ROAD AND DHALI TUNNEL WAS OPENED FOR IT(BRIGGS). LORD KICHNER died during construction of dhali tunnel. The two local Newspaper were published in shimla “ Himalayan advertisers ” and “ T he Shimla Advertisers ” during the british raj. 560 ft long tunnel was constructed beyond Sanjauli bazaar during 1851-52.

14. Sir Charles Nappier was in command of indian army during Dalhousie time was unwilling to keep soldiers in the comfort of S himla.He spent the summer of 1849 at Shimla “ Barnes Court”. During 1857 revolt DC of Shimla was WILLIAM Hay .

15. 1857- DC William Hey at Shimla . Shimla ,Past and Present(book) - EJ Buck 1864-Shimla became the summer capital of India. 1871- A shop by AM Jacob who deals in jewellery and artifacts. 1876-lord Lytton --- Peterhoff . 1877-selected a site at Observatory hill( vicereygal lodge) Henry Irwin. Lord Dufferine was first to reside.

16. 1879- Barnes court was purchased to serve as residence of LT Gov of Punjab . 1880- Town Hall designer- Henry Irwin (Neo gothic style).completed in 1888. 1887- Gaiety Theatre . First play performed was “ THE TIME WILL TELL ’ comedy play.

17. SHIMLA KALKA TRAIN-

18. Lord Curzon(1899-1905 ) took keen interest in Shimla -Kalka railway line. Narrow Gauge. Chief engg – H.S Harington Total length - 60miles or 96km . Longest tunnel- Barog tunnel-1143.61m . Total tunnels- 102 Bridges - 864 . Baba Balkhu helped with stick during excavation.

19. In 1905- tunnel ( Rivoli Tunnel) was created near Blessingtons tennis court to lower bazzar . US club - was opened in 1844 for defense personals only. Women were not allowed. 1890- Chalet Bunglow to entertain ladies. Rikshaw originated in Japan used in Shimla firstly by J. Fordyce of St Mark Church in 1880s. Raja of Nahan had highest number of estates in shimla (14).

20. IGMC - 1890- Fredrick Robert sold Snowdown ( Shimla House) to govt. in 1890. 1985-named as IGMC .

21. BISHOP COTTON SCHOOL- BCS was opened by John Lawrence in 1863 at Jatog . In 1866 it was shifted to Shimla . During John Lawrence(1864) Shimla became the summer capital of india .

22. RIPPON HOSPITAL- It was also designed by Henry Irwin and building was opened by Dufferine in 1885. It was opened for Public in 1990 .

23. Shimla Municipal committee- It was constituted in 1852 under GOI(1850) (Act 26 of 1850), Deputy commissioner was appointed as ex-officio chairman. 1871-Shimla was given the status of first class municipality under act of 1867. It was under Punjab State Municipality from (1911 to 1966). Shimla became Municipal corporation under Himachal Pradesh Municipal Corporation act 1978. 1 st secretory was Harace Boielu Good . In 1883 1 st Vice president was A.O Hume.

24. STATUE OF HANUMAN-JAKHU About 108 feet inaugrated on 3 rd Nov 2010. Prem kumar Dhumal . built by J.H.S Svendgarrd Lab . Jakhu -rope way- 10 th april 2017.

25. 1850- Provincial HQ shifted to Shimla . 1864- Army HQ shifted to Shimla . 1871-1873—Punjab is operated from Shimla .(Capital)

26. SHIMLA CONGRESS- It was under KEDAR NATH, HARISH CHAND and S.E STOKES . The branch was opened in 1940 . Women in congress : Laxmi devi , Lajja verma , Satyavati .

27. Bal Bharat Sabha - It was modelled on Naujaban Bharat Sabha by Bhagat Singh (1928). BBS was founded by Sood Trader - Dina Nath Andhi and called himself Andhi son of Gandhi.

28. 1947 -Indian flag was unfurled at Ellersile which was PB. Govt secterate ( Dr. Gopi Chand Bhargava of Patiala and Premiere of east PB 1947). High court of Punjab at Peterhoff where trials of Nathu Ram Godse took place and jailed at Balugunj (1948 – 1949 ). Planning of Chandigarh was done at US club in 1953 and PB govt. shifted its HQ to Chandigarh. HP Govt. Secterate was at Himachali Dham i.e foreign office building.

29. Shimla was the HQ of exiled BURMA from 1942-1945. 1971 – Shimla was made venue of “Indo-Pak summit” after 1971 war – delegates of both parties met at Ellersile and Barnes Court . In 1972 “ Shimla Pact” was signed b/w India( Indira Gandhi) and Pak( Zulfikar Ali Bhutto). Shimla Development Authority – constituted in 1978 with objective to carry out the needs of Housing and Commercial area in planned manner.

30. 1945- Victory tunnel (end of 2 nd ww ) 1955- Shimla Radio Station . Oakover -CM residence. Bal Singham - DC residence. General Post office Building- Conny Cottage. US Club-1844(Boundary commision ). Alliance Bank of Shimla -1874(1 st bank of shimla ). Daurand football tournament in 1888.

31. Water Catchment- 1875 – 1 st water scheme Dhali -catchment area opened to supply water for 20,000 people. 1914:- Extra supply from Chair and Cherot Nallah was carried out by pumps. 1924:- Pumps were installed at Nautikhad ( Gumma ). 1947:- Pumps were installed at Gumma , Ashwani khad , Darbats .

32. 19 TH June 2018 – Shimla Jal Parvandhan set up as state govt. company. H.P Govt. setup Shimla Jal Nigam on 16 th Nov 2018. .

33. Tulip Gardens- Countries 3 rd and Himachal 1 st inaugrated in 2017 at Craignano . Tulip inaugrated in Auckland country 1 stly..

34. National Freedom movement and Shimla - Roylatt act and Jalianwala Bagh tragedy of 1919 made Samuel Evans Stokes (an American missionary) to take strong stand against govt. Samuel Evans Stokes- He completely abolished Beggar in Shimla in 1921. He launched agitation for Beggar from Kotgarh . SE Stokes met Gandhi several times and attended Nagpur session of congress in 1920 .

35. Fairs and festival in district Shimla - Bharara Fair- In a village near Kumharsain , held in may . Devta Koteshwar is brought in the fair and goats are sacrificed. But now high court has banned it in 2014. Bhoj fair- In village Gumma tehsil in Rohru in Nov for three days in the honour of devta Kilbaru ( kilbalu ), Devta Bansor , parshu ram.

36. Lavi fair- It is commercial or trade fair. held in Nov. The shepherds of Kinnaur migrate to warmer places before onset of winter,on their way they stop at Rampur and sell their woolen,dry fruits and medicinal herbs. Mahasu Jatra - In Mahasu village in May.

37. Pathar ka khel at Halog - This fair is held on the second day of diwali in the month of Nov( Karthik ). In the fair stone throwing fight took place b/w two parties continue till the blood come out of wounds of a participant. This blood is offer to Kali.

38. Sipi fair- Held in Siphur below Mashobra in May in honour of Sippi Devta . Summer Festival- Every year in May( jaishtha ) in Shimla (ridge). Winter sports fair- Shimla is the only place in Asia which has the privilege of having natural ice skating ring . Baloon .

39. Rohru fair- Held in April in the honour of Devta Shikru . This fair is also a commercial fair . Dialect- People in Bushahr mainly in Kinnaur and Kotgarh area speak Kochi dialect .

40. Mahatma Gandhi in Shimla -

41. Economy- Apple - 1887-apple orchard at Mashobra . 1918- S.E Stokes --- Kotgarh ( american variety). Alexander Coitas –British variety apples. Herbal Garden- Herbal Garden - Dumreda , Rohru (Medicinal plant cultivation). Other— jogindernagar ( mandi ) , Neri ( Hamirpur ) , Thalera ( Bilaspur ). Sheep breeding farm- Jeori .

42. Geography of shimla -

43. Famous peaks- Jakhu hill in Shimla town. Siah in Chail . Choordhar -3647mt. Shali in Sunni Tehsil . Chansal in Rohru tehsil (4520mt). Hattu in kumharsain .

44. Rivers- Satluj . Giri ganga . Pabbar .