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1. Physiotherapy in Cardio- Respiratory Presented By- Sidharth Bansal (B.P.T, M.H.A) AT S.P More College of Paramedical & Nursing

2. What is Cardio-Respiratory? Heart and the Respiratory system is both forms a Cardio-Respiratory system of Human body. Respiratory system- The respiratory system  takes up oxygen from the air we breathe and expels the unwanted carbon dioxide . M ain organ of the respiratory system is the lungs. Other respiratory organs include the- 1. N ose 2. T rachea

3. 3. B reathing muscles (the Diaphragm and the Intercostal muscles ).

4. What is Cardio-Respiratory P hysiotherapy? Cardiorespiratory physiotherapy is a specialised area of physiotherapy focused on the assessment and treatment of people with conditions affecting the cardiovascular (heart) and respiratory systems- lungs and Nose, Trachea and Breathing muscles . Cardio-respiratory physiotherapy  A ims to help clear lung secretions, prevent or improve areas of lung collapse and reduce the effort of breathing . 

5. CHEST X-RAY NORMAL CHEST X-RAY OVER PRODUCTION OF MUCUS IN LUNGS

6. Common Cardiorespiratory Conditions Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Heart or lung surgery Asthma Bronchiectasis Bronchitis Emphysema Heart failure / Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF) Respiratory Infections i.e. Pneumonia High blood pressure / Hypertension Peripheral Vascular Disease Chest pain / Angina Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) Heart or lung injury

7. B enefits of cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy Cardiorespiratory physical therapy helps people with shortness of breath, persistent cough and reduced ability to exercise. It includes different types of exercises that help to improve lung function and increase the strength of the respiratory system. The benefits of cardiorespiratory physical therapy include: Reduces risk for cardiovascular disease Improve your lung capacity Strengthen your body Reduce your body pain Improve your energy and endurance

8. Aims of Chest Physiotherapy. The purpose of chest physiotherapy are: To facilitate removal of retained or profuse airway secretions. To optimize lung compliance and the ventilation-perfusion ratio/ improve gas exchange. To decrease the work of breathing. Improve exercise tolerance Prevent secondary complications

9. Chest physiotherapy techniques Chest physiotherapy techniques can be classified as -

10. Conventional Postural drainage  - involves positioning a person with the assistance of gravity to aid the normal airway clearance mechanism. Percussion  is also referred to as  cupping, clapping, and tapotement . The purpose of percussion is to intermittently apply kinetic energy to the chest wall and lungs. This is accomplished by rhythmically striking the thorax with a cupped hand or mechanical device directly over the lung segment(s) being drained. Vibration involves the application of a fine tremorous action (manually performed by pressing in the direction that the ribs and soft tissue of the chest move during expiration) over the draining area. Coughing includes directed coughing and various  assisted coughing  techniques. Forced Expiratory Technique (FET)/ HUFFING- It involve diaphragmatic inspiration, relaxing the scapulohumeral region, and expiring forcefully from mid to low lung volumes whilst maintaining an open glottis ("huffing" exercises). It is more effective than coughing.

11. Modern techniques Active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT)  is an active breathing technique performed by the patient, and can be used to mobilize and clear excess pulmonary secretions and to generally improve lung function. It has a series of three main phases: Breathing control, Thoracic expansion, and Forced expiratory technique. Autogenic drainage  is a diaphragmatic breathing pattern used by patients with respiratory illnesses (e.g., cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis) to clear the lungs of mucus and other secretions. Various techniques are used, all of which combine positive reinforcement of deep breathing and voluntary cough suppression for as long as possible before evacuating the airways of mucus.

12. Instrumental techniques Instrumental techniques such as non‐invasive ventilation have been considered useful as an adjunct therapy to airway clearance and to provide respiratory support. Common instrumental techniques are: 1. Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) : There are various  positive expiratory pressure devices  that provide resistance to expiration through a mouthpiece or facemask, followed by forced expirations.  Some of the devices are Flutter, Acapella,  lung flute , etc. 2. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure:  generated by exhalation against a constant opening pressure, this produces positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP). It consists of an interface (nasal cannula), inspiratory tubing, and expiratory tubing immersed in an underwater bottle system. 3. High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (HFCWO):  an airway clearance technique in which external chest wall oscillations are applied to the chest using an inflatable vest that wraps around the chest. These machines produce vibrations at variable frequencies and intensities, helping to loosen and thin mucus and separate it from airway walls. 4. Intrapulmonary Percussive Ventilation (IPV):  designed to promote mobilisation of bronchial secretions and improve efficiency and distribution of ventilation, providing intrathoracic percussion and vibration and an alternative system for the delivery of the positive pressure to the lungs. Each IPV session lasted fifteen minutes and was performed twice a day (morning and afternoon).

13. DOUBT- IF ANY PLEASE ASK Thankyou