sinusitis indication pathophysiology ,diagnosis

sinusitis indication pathophysiology ,diagnosis

1. JAI HIND Sinusitis Shree Ram Krishna Guidance Center VIRENDRA K MAURYA

2. Sinus

3. Sinusitis Sinusitis is an inflammation of the tissues in your sinuses (spaces in your forehead, cheeks and nose usually filled with air ). Or Sinusitis is present when the tissue lining the sinuses become swollen or inflamed. It occurs as the result of an inflammatory reaction or an infection from a virus, bacteria, or fungus

4. pathophysiology There are four paired sinus cavities: the ethmoid , sphenoid, frontal, and maxillary sinus cavities. These paired cavities allow air to be filtered during inhalation. For the antigens to be filtered and expelled, sinuses need to drain. Chronic inflammation can cause obstruction to the nasal passage, hinder drainage, and lead to lower oxygen tension. This creates foci for bacteria to build up. Ciliary dysfunction or structural abnormalities can further exacerbate this process

5. Causes Sinusitis is usually the result of a cold or  flu  virus spreading to the sinuses from the upper airways. Only a few cases are caused by bacteria infecting the sinuses. An infected tooth or fungal infection can also occasionally cause the sinuses to become inflamed . Streptococcus pneumoniae  bacteria. Haemophilus influenza  bacteria. Moraxella catarrhalis  bacteria.

6. Symptoms Postnasal drip (mucus dripping down your throat). Runny nose with thick yellow or green mucus. Stuffy nose. Facial pressure (particularly around your nose, eyes and forehead). This might get worse when you move your head around or bend over .

7. Pressure or pain in your teeth. Ear pressure or pain. Fever. Bad breath ( halitosis ) or a bad taste in your mouth. Cough. Headache. Tiredness.

8. diagnosis Physical exam -tenderness in the nose and face. Imaging tests.  Images taken using x – Xay , CT or MRI can show details of your sinuses and nasal area. An allergy test Samples from the nasal and sinus discharge (cultures).

9. Treatment Treatments for chronic sinusitis include: Nasal corticosteroids.  These nasal sprays help prevent and treat inflammation. Examples include fluticasone , triamcinolone , mometasone and beclomethasone . If the sprays aren't effective enough . Saline nasal irrigation,  with nasal sprays or solutions, reduces drainage and rinses away irritants and allergies. Oral or injected corticosteroids.   Allergy medications.   . Antifungal treatment.  If the infection is due to fungi .

10. Antibiotics Antibiotics are sometimes necessary for sinusitis if your infection is caused by bacteria. Immunotherapy Surgery Endoscopic sinus surgery In cases resistant to treatment or medication, endoscopic sinus surgery might be an option. For this procedure, the doctor uses a thin, flexible tube with an attached light (endoscope) to explore your sinus passages. Depending on the source of the blockage, the doctor might use various instruments to remove tissue or shave away a polyp that's causing nasal blockage. Enlarging a narrow sinus opening also may be an option to promote drainage.

11. References https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-sinusitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351667