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1. SDG: Goal 14 Life Below Water - in the Context of Bangladesh Presented by Samin Zawad - 01 Mahmudul hasan bagha - 29

2. SDG Goal 14 : Life below Water Official Motto: “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”

3. Detailed Targets of SDG 14 Target Short Summary 14.1 Reduce marine pollution from land-based activities (marine debris, nutrient pollution etc ) 14.2 Protect and restore marine ecosystems 14.3 Address and minimize ocean acidification. 14.4 End overfishing and harmful fishing practices, restoring fish stock to MSY level 14.5 Conserve 10% of coastal and marine areas. 14.6 Eliminate harmful fisheries subsidies. 14.7 Boost marine benefits for small island developing states & LDCs. 14.a Increase ocean science and research capacity. 14.b Support small-scale fishers' access to marine resources and markets. 14.c Enforce international sea laws (UNCLOS) [refer to paragraph 158 of “The Future We Want”]

4. Introduction SDG Goal 14 focuses on conserving and sustainably using oceans, seas, and marine resources. Bangladesh, with its vast coastline and marine biodiversity, faces both challenges and opportunities.

5. Importance of SDG 14 for Bangladesh Supports livelihoods in fisheries and coastal tourism. More than  17 million people  including about 1.4 million women depend on fisheries sector for their livelihoods through fishing, farming, fish handling, and processing Ensures food security and economic sustainability. The per capita annual fish consumption in Bangladesh stands at  about 23 kg/year  against a recommended minimum requirement of 21.90 kg/year, indicating that Bangladesh is now self-contained in fish production (National fish week Compendium, 2022) Protects marine biodiversity and mitigates climate change effects

6. Bangladesh's Marine Wealth 710 km coastline along the Bay of Bengal. Home to Hilsa fish, dolphins, turtles, and coral reefs. The Sundarbans mangrove forest, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

7. Challenges to Marine Sustainability Overfishing & Illegal Practices : Threatening fish stocks.

8. Challenges to Marine Sustainability Marine Pollution : Plastic waste, oil spills, and industrial discharge.

9. Challenges to Marine Sustainability Climate Change : Rising sea levels and ocean acidification. By 2050, Bangladesh could lose 17% of its territory and 30% of its agricultural land  By 2050, rising sea levels could displace about 20 million people 

10. Challenges to Marine Sustainability Habitat Destruction : Coastal erosion and unsustainable development. Sea beach erosion due to excessive rainfall and higher tides, more sand than usual is being washed away during the monsoon. Illigal resorts are constructed destroying bio-diversity and Natural Geographic features.

11. Government & Policy Actions Blue Economy Policy : Sustainable marine resource utilization.

12. Government & Policy Actions Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Conservation of key biodiversity. Bangladesh has several marine protected areas (MPAs) Swatch of No Ground : The first MPA in Bangladesh, located in the Bay of Bengal. It's home to many endangered cetaceans, including dolphins, whales, and sharks.  Nijhum Dwip : Home to one of the world's largest populations of endangered dolphins, porpoises, sharks, rays, and marine turtles.  St. Martin's Island : Designated as an MPA in 2022.  Marine Reserve Area : Located in the Middle Ground and South Patches of the Bay of Bengal.  Naf Marine Protected Area : Located in the basin of the Naf River. 

13. Government & Policy Actions Blue Economy Policy : Sustainable marine resource utilization. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) : Conservation of key biodiversity. Hilsa Conservation Initiatives : Seasonal fishing bans. Coastal Cleanup & Plastic Waste Management Programs.

14. Government & Policy Actions Hilsa Conservation Initiatives : Seasonal fishing bans. 1. Fishing Bans: * Breeding Season Ban: The government has implemented a ban on catching hilsa for 22 days around the full moon in October (Bengali month of Aswin ) to allow uninterrupted spawning. * Sanctuaries: Four coastal areas have been declared as hilsa sanctuaries, where fishing is illegal during the breeding season. * Jatka protection: There is a two-month ban on catching jatka ( hilsa fry) from March 1 to April 30.

15. Government & Policy Actions Hilsa Conservation Initiatives : 2. Community-Based Co-Management: * ECOFISHBD Project: funded by USAID, focuses on establishing adaptive co-management activities for the Meghna River ecosystem and its dependent communities Livelihood Support: Fishing communities are rewarded with rice and microcredit to start small businesses in return for not fishing in the sanctuaries. Awareness and Engagement

16. Community & NGO Involvement Promotion of sustainable fishing techniques. Bangladesh established a monitoring system, a  Joint Monitoring Cell (JMC),  and the JMC Coordination Committee (JMCCC) that includes experts and infrastructure to ensure sustainable fisheries. JMC is a legal consortium of 13 public agencies. The JMC and JMCCC will be critical to reduce illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. The JMC will provide real-time monitoring on the activities of fishing vessels, which will be used for conserving Bangladesh's aquatic biological stock and marine ecosystem and for reducing destructive fishing practices.

17. Community & NGO Involvement Awareness campaigns on marine pollution control . In 2004, the Department of Shipping drafted the Marine Environment Conservation Act, but it has yet to be passed.  NGOs working on coastal restoration and waste management . * Coastal Development Partnership (CDP): working to relieve the suffering of people in waterlogged areas in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh, focusing on sustainable livelihoods, safeguarding biodiversity, and ecosystem protection, including the Sundarban Mangrove Forest. 

18. Community & NGO Involvement Awareness campaigns on marine pollution control . In 2004, the Department of Shipping drafted the Marine Environment Conservation Act, but it has yet to be passed.  NGOs working on coastal restoration and waste management . Coastal Development Partnership (CDP), Bangladesh Environment And Development Society (BEDS), Young Power in Social Action (YPSA ) are some notable NGOs working focusing on sustainable livelihoods, safeguarding biodiversity, ecosystem protection, climate displaced households, plastic waste management, and climate resilient afforestation and reforestation projects. 

19. The Way Forward Strengthen law enforcement for marine protection. Expand Marine Protected Areas . Promote eco-friendly tourism & sustainable fisheries . Enhance community participation in conservation efforts.

20. Conclusion Collaboration among government, communities, and NGOs is essential. Sustainable marine practices are key to long-term prosperity. Protecting marine life secures the future for coastal communities and biodiversity.