Smart car parking system

project on smart car parking. automatic bill generation technique. individual timer system to calculate time. even odd day wise parking as per parking rule by government of india

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PROJECT REPORT
SMART PARKING
SYSTEM



SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Upendra Kumar
SUBMITTED BY: Jhalak Nihalani
(Roll No.2018-126)

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Declaration

I hereby declare that the Final Year Project
report entitled (“SMART PARKING SYSTEM”)
is a record of my work as requirements of
Final Year Project for the award of diploma (3
Year Diploma In Electronics Engineering).
Indo-Swiss Training Centre, CSIR-CSIO,
Chandigarh, under the guidance of Mr.
Upendra, HOD Mechatronics.














Date: 12/07/2021 (Signature of Student)
(Name: Jhalak Nihalani)
(Roll No.:2018-126)

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Acknowledgement

My final year project would not have been
possible without the contribution and
collaboration of others. My sincere gratitude:
 To Almighty God who granted me health
and long life, without which I could not
have finished this Final Year Project.
 Then, I would like to thank my principal sir,
Narinder Singh Jassal for his valuable
guidance and advice. He always had time
to answer all my questions concerning my
final year project.
 I am also thankful to and fortunate enough
to get constant encouragement, support
and guidance from our HOD, Mr.
S.K.Bothra and all my teachers who
helped me to successfully complete my
final year project.
 I feel to acknowledge my indebtedness
and deep sense of gratitude to my guide
Mr. Upender whose valuable guidance
and supervision given to me throughout
the course shows the present work as it
shows.

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 My parents are also an important
inspiration to me. So, with due Regards, I
express my gratitude to them.
 Last but not least, special thanks to all my
friends for sharing their experiences, time
and commitment especially during
finishing this final year project.

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WORK DONE BY THE
GROUP MEMBERS

TESTING and HARDWARE
DEBUGGING: JHALAK NIHALANI

PROTOTYPE and DESIGN: VARUNESH
SHARMA

IDEATION and QUALITY CONTROL:
DEEPINDER BHATT

PROCEDURE: DRISHTY

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION and WIRING:
AMAANI CHAUDHARY

CODING: KEERTESH

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Index


1. About CSIO
2. About ISTC
3. Introduction
4. Objective
5. Concept
6. Block diagram
7. Working principle
8. Benefits
9. Major components
10. Idea of Project
11. Prototype/ Design
12. Ideation
13. Procedure
14. Circuit Description/Wiring
15. Coding
16. Quality Control
17. Testing / Hardware Debugging
18. Summary

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About CSIO

Central Scientific Instruments Organisation is
a Chandigarh, India-based national laboratory
dedicated to research, design and
development of scientific and industrial
instruments. It is one of the constituent
laboratories of the Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR), an Indian
industrial research and development
organisation situated at Chandigarh’s Sector
30C.
CSIO was established in October 1959 as a
laboratory that works on the research, design,
and development of scientific and industrial
instruments. It was located in New Delhi, and
then moved to Chandigarh in 1962. The first
Director was Piara Singh Gill. CSIO campus
(spread over an area of approximately 120
acres) comprises office buildings, R&D
laboratories, Indo-Swiss Training Centre and
a housing complex. A building and the
accompanying workshops were inaugurated
in December 1967. Another block was added
in 1976 for housing the R&D Divisions and

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library. During the mid-1980s the laboratory
buildings and infrastructural facilities were
modernized. An Administration Block was
inaugurated in September 1994.
CSIO is under the Physical Sciences Cluster
of CSIR. CSIR-CSIO has signed an MoU with
CSIR-IMTECH Chandigarh on 28 April 2012
for collaborative research work.

CSIO has infrastructural facilities in the areas
of microelectronics, optics, applied physics,
electronics, and mechanical engineering. R&D
programmes are in food & agriculture, health
and rehabilitation, avionics, snow and seismic
monitoring in the strategic sector, landslide
and structure health monitoring for public
safety, and bio and nanoscience.

A large number of instruments have been
developed by the Institute and their know-how
has been passed on to the industry for
commercial exploitation.

The laboratory provides a two-year
postgraduate research programme in
Engineering (PGRPE) in 'Advanced
Instrumentation Engineering' the only such
program in India. The students are designated

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as Quick Hire Scientist Trainee QHS(T). The
areas of research are Optics and Photonics,
Bio-Medical Instrumentation and Agrionics.
After the completion of 1-year course work
taught by the senior scientists of the
organization, they are given a one-year
project work as their thesis.

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About ISTC

Indo Swiss Training Centre (ISTC) was
established in 1963 in collaboration with the
Swiss Foundation for Technical Assistance,
Switzerland. ISTC was formally inaugurated
on 18 December 1963 by the first Prime
Minister, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru.
Established under the patronage of Swiss
Foundation it is being run under the aegis of
Central Scientific Instruments Organization
(CSIO), Chandigarh, a constituent laboratory
of Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR), New Delhi.

ISTC today is a training centre of repute in the
field of Technical Training. The Indian industry
had been impressed with the performance of
ISTC and even today after 44 years of its
inception, the centre has maintained an
excellent quality of training. The basic aim of
this training is skills. All the trainees work on
machines individually and are trained to
execute industrial jobs and face a real-life
work environment. Stress is laid on the

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development of attitude such as punctuality,
cleanliness, housekeeping, obedience, prior
in labour, commitment etc. There exists a
perfect spirit of teamwork among trainees and
staff. Behaviour and discipline of trainees are
closely monitored and recorded. A rigid
system of performance evaluation has been
devised to maintain the quality of training.

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Introduction

This raspberry-based device is an attempt by our
team to make an even more efficient parking system
for public places like malls, shopping complexes,
government offices, etc.
This system will allow even/odd cars to enter/leave
a parking area according to the selected day. Also,
an automatic bill will be generated by calculating the
time duration the car stays in parking.
Let us assume-
 On Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays - cars with
even numbers are allowed.
 On Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays - cars with
odd numbers are allowed.
 And on Sundays all the cars will be allowed.

We will make a barricade system which will work
according to the requirements and a presence
sensor will sense if the space is occupied the
software will start calculating the bill based on the
parking time. We can set a price rate eg: ₹50/hour.

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Objective


 Main objective behind creating this project
was to create a parking system that was
so free from human intervention, that the
only task humans had to do was ask it for
data or for some scheduled maintenance.
 It could help in creating a parking system
much more efficient, systematic and
reliable than the traditional parking
system.
 It will help in enforcing odd/even rules
made by the Govt. of India.
 It would help in creating high-skill jobs
such as that of a programmer.
 It is also an environmentally friendly
project.

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Concept

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Block Diagram

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Working
Principle

When any Car approaches the Parking Lot, its
Number plate is read by a camera module
installed along the barricade system.
The camera module which is connected to
Raspberry Pi will read the number plate and
will verify the last digit according to the day, if
the car should be allowed or not as per (even-
odd criteria). Over the Barricade a panel is
installed consisting of various LEDs
representing a specific Parking Slot and their
current status whether it is vacant or
occupied. Car is assigned a parking slot.
Once the car enters the parking slot, the
proximity sensor senses its presence and
sends the signal to start the program to count
time for which the slot has been occupied.
The billing system will stop calculating once
the car leaves the slot.
At the time of exiting the Parking Area there
will be another barricade, before it a bill panel

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will generate a printed receipt and will ask you
to pay. Once payment is received the
barricade opens and you can leave the
parking area.

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Benefits
 Will help in enforcement of odd/even rules
made by the Government of India/local
governing body
 Systematic management of vehicles in
parking areas.
 Fully automatic for ease of humans.
 Real time data monitoring and storage
facility
 Accurate and correct cost for parking
 Reduce stress while searching parking
space
 Generate high skill employment.
 It can be powered by some renewable
source of energy, such as Solar energy,
Wind energy.
 Lowering individual environmental
footprint
 Smart Parking takes away the
unpredictability of finding a parking spot
 Increase in Safety
 Reduce search traffic on streets.
 Customer satisfaction
 Save space and time

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Major
Components


 Raspberry Pi (Controller)
 2 Camera Module for Raspberry Pi
 2 Servo Motor
 Proximity Sensor
 LED Panel for knowing Status of Parking Slot
 Connecting cables
 Main Control PC
 Bill Panel (Including Bill printer and Payment
Receiver)

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RASPBERRY PI (CONTROLLER): 4
MODEL B



The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, small sized
computer. It’s capable of doing everything
you’d expect a desktop computer to do, from
browsing the internet and playing high-
definition video, to making spreadsheets,
word-processing, and playing games.
The Raspberry Pi has the ability to interact
with the outside world, and has been used in
a wide array of digital projects.

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:


 Broadcom BCM2711, Quad core Cortex-
A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.5GHz
 2GB, 4GB or 8GB LPDDR4-3200
SDRAM (depending on model)
 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz IEEE 802.11ac
wireless, Bluetooth 5.0, BLE
 Gigabit Ethernet
 2 USB 3.0 ports; 2 USB 2.0 ports.
 Raspberry Pi standard 40 pin GPIO
header (fully backwards compatible with
previous boards)
 2 × micro-HDMI ports (up to 4kp60
supported)
 2-lane MIPI DSI display port
 2-lane MIPI CSI camera port
 H.265 (4kp60 decode), H264 (1080p60
decode, 1080p30 encode)
 Micro-SD card slot for loading operating
system and data storage
 5V DC via USB-C connector (minimum
3A*)
 Power over Ethernet (PoE) enabled
(requires separate PoE HAT)

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Camera Module for Raspberry Pi:
A camera module is an image sensor
integrated with a lens.
Specifications: -
 Model - OV5647 5MP 1080P IR-Cut
Camera
 Resolution - 1080p
 Sensor OV5647
 Camera - 5MP
 Aperture (F) - 1.8
 Focal Length - 3.6mm Adjustable
 Output Power for IR LED - 3.3~5v
 Diagonal angle - 60 degree
 Dimensions in mm (LxWxH) - 32.12 x 30 x
25.5
 Ribbon cable Length - 14cm

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Servo Motor:
Servo motor is a rotary actuator or linear
actuator. It allows for precise control of
angular or linear position, velocity, and
acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor
coupled to a sensor for position feedback.
Servo Motors are not a specific class of
motor, although the term servomotor is often
used to refer to a motor suitable for use in a
closed-loop control system.
Servo Motors are used in applications such as
robotics, CNC machinery or automated
manufacturing. Specification while choosing
servo motors:
 Power Supply Capacity
 Rated Output
 Rated Torque
 Rated Speed
 Rated current
 Moment of Inertia
 Insulation Class

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Proximity Sensor:
A proximity sensor is able to detect the
presence of nearby objects without any
physical contact.
A proximity sensor often emits an
electromagnetic field and looks for changes in
the field or return signal. Proximity Sensors
convert information on the movement or
presence of an object into an electrical signal.
Specifications: -
 inductive / Capacitive
 Operating distance
 Sensing range
 Power requirement
 Repeatability
 Max. response frequency

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LED Panel:

This panel will have LEDs representing all
parking slots in a sequence. The LED panel
will indicate whether that specific slot is
occupied or free. It will be present at the
entrance of the parking lot, over the entry
barricade.
Each LED will also have the no. of each slot.

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Bill Machine:
This is a billing panel that will generate a bill
slip based on the slot you have occupied
based on how long it was occupied. It will also
have a feature to accept payment in cash. It
will also have a QR code so that a person can
pay via UPI.
Once the payment is received by the system,
it will send a signal to raspberry pi to open the
exit barricade.

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Main Control PC:
This PC is used to monitor various
functionality and log data of entry, exit of a
vehicle while also calculating and sending bills
to raspberry pi so that when a car exits it can
fetch bills for that specific slot.
It will be used as a local server for our whole
system. Which will make it more efficient.
Many such parking lots can be controlled with
one PC, or using one for each Lot and then
connecting them to a central server.

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Idea of Project
What first comes to your mind when you think
about parking? Just a couple of decades ago,
parking was about free space and maybe some
inconvenience. Nowadays, the population is
growing along with the number of vehicles.
Fortunately, modern technologies offer smart
parking that will help 44% of drivers reduce their
stress and potentially save millions of oil.
The basic goals of smart parking systems:
 to unload city roads from a growing number of
vehicles.
 to reduce oil use and its negative impact on
the atmosphere when drivers look for a
parking lot.

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 to save the time and patience of city drivers
who want to leave their cars closer to the
destination point.
Any smart parking initiative implies the use of
additional smart devices starting from a regular
smartphone to special sensors and cameras in the
parking areas.

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Prototype/Design
(Varunesh 2018-098)
To start with, firstly we will make a rough
design of how the project will look. It will
consist of 2 barricades for enter/exit with
cameras on each barricade. A bill printing
machine on exit and a parking area. For the
project we will be making a parking of 10
slots, 5 on each side.

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Bill printing and cash Barricade system
with camera
collection box

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Ideation
(Deepinder 2018-135)

This project’s idea began as when we all as a
team were discussing what project we should
do for the Major Project, then we came across
a new article on google about problems
related to the current parking system, which
resulted in many conflicts.
Due to the current parking system many
vehicles face a problem of not being able to
find an empty space and also the drivers had
to wait in long queues before entering the
parking lot, due to human inefficiency.
So, we decided to make a project to solve
these problems, and resulted in making an
odd/even and a specific criteria based-parking
system which minimised above mentioned
problems to some extent as possible.
We reframed and incubated our ideas and
then refined them as a team discussion.

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Procedure
(Drishty 2018-099)
When the car approaches the parking area,
the first barricade. It has a camera on top
which clicks a picture of the number plate of
the car and checks if it is odd or even. If it's
not according to the day the barricade will not
open. If it's according to the day it will give
entry to the car in the parking area.

. Bill will be generated by the billing machine
and payment is received through the same
machine. After the payment, the exit barricade
will be open for the exit.


 And on Sundays all the cars will be allowed.
And the charges for parking will be:
 ₹50 for first 1 hour
 ₹25 for next hour

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Circuit Description
/ Wiring

(Amaani 2018-086)


INTERFACING OF RASPBERRY PI WITH
CAMERA MODULE:

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INTERFACING OF RASPBERRY PI WITH
SERVO MOTOR:

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INTERFACING OF RASPBERRY PI WITH
PROXIMITY SENSOR:

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Coding

(Keertesh 2018-083)
 Flowchart of code flow/process-

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Quality Control
(Deepinder 2018-135)
We used these genuine sensors and
hardware:
1. Raspberry Pi 4B
2. OV5647 5MP 1080P IR-Cut Camera
3. Proximity sensor or IR module
4. LEDs Panel
5. Bill Printer
6. Cash Collecting System
7. Servo Motor

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Testing / Hardware
Debugging

Testing is the process to find bugs and
errors, it is the process to identify the failure of
implemented code.
When the project is complete and ready to be
implemented in the real world, the testing is
done to ensure whether it is fit to work or not.
 Testing of cameras, motors, sensors and
the controller is done.
 Code is tested before running the system.
 We checked if all the wiring, soldering is
correct and if the connections are not
loose.
 If the barricade is working properly or not.
 If the barricade is allowing the even/odd
vehicle on their respective day or not.
 If the logic is running properly or not.
 If the billing machine is calculating correct
time and money.
All these parameters are checked before
launching the project.

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Debugging is the process of correcting the
bugs found during testing. It is done by a
programmer/developer
 Before we used raspberry pi 3 but later it
got replaced by raspberry pi 4 due to
some reasons. When it comes to
performance, Raspberry 4 is a sure
winner. In version 3, clock speed was not
sufficient and version 4 had the exact
clock speed needed for the circuit. The
version 4 even had more RAM than the
former one.
 There was some error in the code due to
which the LEDs were not showing the
correct status of parking lot which we
corrected
 The barricade was opening at a larger
angle than required which we fixed.
 The billing machine was not accepting
online payment which was then added to
the system.
 We added fire and waterproof cover to our
system, so that it can bear the force of
nature.

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Summary

The smart parking system project is a
Raspberry Pi based controller system. The
controller decides which car will be allowed to
enter the parking area. On Mondays,
Wednesdays, Fridays cars with even numbers
are allowed.
On Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays cars
with odd numbers are allowed to enter. And
on Sundays all the cars are allowed to enter.
A barricade system installed will work
according to the requirements and a presence
sensor will sense if the space is occupied the
software will start calculating the bill based on
the parking time. Number plate is read by a
camera module installed along the barricade
system. Over the Barricade a LED panel is
installed consisting of various LEDs
representing a specific Parking Slot and their
current status whether it is vacant or
occupied. The proximity sensor senses the
presence of the car and sends the signal to
start the program to count time for which the

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slot has been occupied. The billing system will
stop calculating once the car leaves the slot.
At the time of exiting, the bill panel will
generate a printed receipt. The price is
₹50/hour. Once payment is received the
second barricade which is installed at the exit
opens and the car can leave the parking area.