Smart textiles.pptx

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1. SMART TEXTILE

2. Smart Textile A smart textile are materials and structures that sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli, such as those from mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic or other sources. The technology of SMARTTEXTILES is an integration of almost all disciplines of applied sciences like: v       Textilechemistry v       Fiber technology v       Clothmanufacturing technology v       Material science v       Structuralmechanics and aviation hydraulics v       Electronics andinstrumentation v    Telecommunication v       Artificial intelligence v Molecular biology and organic chemistry v       Molecular engineering and nanotechnology v       Biotechnology v       Information technology v       Theory of chaosand randomizations.

3. Smart textiles, also known as electronic textiles (e-textiles) or smart fabrics, are textiles that contain electronic components and enhance the features of wearables, automobiles, and other products. They are either made into a textile-based product, or created with the intention of being integrated into a textile.

4. History of smart textiles Here are some key moments in the history of smart textiles. You can read more here . 1600 — Early conductive threads are said to date back to the Elizabethan era when gold threads were woven into garments for a gleaming accent. Now, we often use silver, or nickel threads for conductivity, but the concept of metallic threads has existed for centuries for decorating garments. 2007 — Leah Buechley develops the  Lilypad , a microcontroller made specifically for textiles. (Adafruit later makes its own version called the Flora ) 2014 — Dupont presents  their stretchable, conductive ink  at Printed Electronics 2014 2014 — The  MIT Biosuit   creates a strong use case for e-textile in industry 2015 —  Google’s Project Jacquard  directs tech eyes to e-textiles at Google I/O 2015-today — Studios such as  Wearable Experiments ,  Interwoven  and  The Crated create practices around e-textiles and making invisible wearable tech. Loomia is born.

5. Military applications: Optical fibersensors integrated into textiles: Fiber optics and sensors: The sensors made from optical fibers are small and flexible; they will not affect the structural integrity of the composite materials; and can be integrated with the reinforcing fabric to form the backbones in structures. They are based on a technology that enables devices to be developed for sensing numerous physical stimuli of mechanical, acoustic, electric, magnetic and thermal natures. A number of sensors can be arranged along a single optical fiber by using wavelength-, frequency-, and time- and polarization- division techniques to form 1-, 2 or 3- dimensional distributed sensing systems. Smart Textile

6. Smart Textile

7. Aesthetic smart textiles Performance smart textiles Aesthetic smart textiles Because of its capacity to light up and change color, intelligent aesthetic fabrics are used in the fashion industry. Light-emitting clothing and bright gowns are typical and commercial applications for aesthetic, smart textiles. Performance smart textiles Performance enhancing textiles involved in these type . What are the types of smart textiles?

8. Smart textiles are categorized into three types based on their performance: passive, active, and ultra smart . Passive fabrics Passive intelligent textiles are the initial generation of smart textiles that detect external circumstances, such as UV-protective clothing, conductive fibers, and so on. Because they are merely sensors, passive smart textiles can only perceive their surroundings. Passive smart fabrics sometimes called the “first generation” of intelligent textiles, have functionality beyond standard ones. However, it should be noted that passive materials do not typically adapt due to the information they feel. In other words, when environmental circumstances change, the cloth remains the same. A cooling cloth, for example, may assist in controlling body temperature but does not actively produce coolness. Because of the structure of the fabric, it simply aids in the faster evaporation of liquid. The same is valid for clothing and other items that include UV protection, anti-microbial, and anti-static features.

9. examples of passive smart textile products: Cosmo - A leader in fabrics for footwear, Cosmo utilizes Microban technology to add antimicrobial properties to their textiles; resulting in less odor. Sunbrella - Sunbrella’s outdoor performance fabrics are treated with UV-stabilized pigments to help maintain lasting color and durability under the harsh rays of the sun. Herculite - A manufacturer of PVC composite textiles, Herculite fabrics are made for applications that require a high level of durability, such as military, healthcare, and marine, using their unique weaving technology.

10. Active fabrics Active smart textiles adapt and modify their functioning in reaction to changes in the external environment or human input, such as motion or weather. These fabrics can alter their shape, store and control heat, and perform other functions. While passive textiles depend on their structure, active fabrics rely on electricity to support actuators and sensors. These actuators and sensors enable the intelligent material to detect touch and temperature and analyze and interpret a wide range of environmental data. Ultra smart fabrics Ultra smart fabrics perceive, react, and adapt to environmental situations the same way as active smart textiles do, but they go a step further. Ultra smart textiles are materials that detect, respond, monitor, and adapt to stimuli or environmental conditions such as thermal, mechanical, chemical, magnetic, or other sources. 

11. some examples of active smart textiles Loomia Electronic Layer - The Loomia Electronic Layer is a soft, flexible circuit that can enable next-generation products in wearables, automotive, and beyond. HeiQ Smart Temp - HeiQ’s Smart Temp fabric features intelligent thermoregulation technology that is triggered by the body’s temperature, and cools the user down as a result. Gentherm - Gentherm manufactures a few different technologies, each with a different purpose. Their ClimateSense ® technology is built on an algorithm that changes the temperature in a vehicle or medical wearable depending on the user’s unique preferences.

12. Key application areas There are several applications of passive and active smart textiles. However, for the sake of this particular article, we are going to zero-in on those in wearable technology, outdoor apparel and accessories, and automotive interiors. Passive The most common application of passive smart textiles is in outdoor apparel and medical wearables. We provided you with the example of a cooling textile already, but these textiles can be used in more ways than one. Here are some other possible functions of passive textiles:

13. Key application areas UV protective - Passive elements, such as optical brighteners and UV absorbers , are added to fibers to create sun-protective properties. When used in combination with other technical components, these materials can be very effective at preventing skin damage and other related conditions that are the result of sun exposure. Antimicrobial - Antimicrobial composite coatings are a popular commodity in the textile industry, especially in the manufacturing of activewear. These coatings are effective in preventing the growth of bacteria that is produced from perspiration. While these coatings may be saving your clothes, they are certainly not saving the planet. One would think that the chemicals in the coatings are a concern, but the problem actually lies in the disposal of these textiles . 

14. Key application areas Active Active smart textiles have a wide range of capabilities, and possess many traits that passive smart textiles do not. As mentioned earlier, active textiles adapt and change their functionality in response to the external environment. These materials produce an “action” as a result of the information obtained (think of it this way: active equals action ). The following are just a few examples of what active textiles can do: Thermoregulation - Among the most common applications of active textiles is in outerwear; specifically, wearables that regulate the body’s temperature. Earlier this year, we at Loomia produced a heated jacket. Our LEL ( Loomia Electronic Layer) was integrated directly into the garment, providing a subtle, yet comfortable climate for the wearer. This is a particularly exciting development, as this technology could one day be used to help the elderly and those with medical conditions stay warm (and, for a relatively affordable price). 

15. Key application areas Seat sensing and heating - The automotive industry is, perhaps, the largest to implement active smart textiles. There are several concepts currently in the development process, but one that stands out most is the ability to distinguish a car’s driver by their size and weight through pressure sensors. However, one application that several of the world’s largest car manufacturers (and consumers alike) are particularly fond of is heated seats. Yes, that wonderful setting that warms your soul after shoveling out your car is a product of smart textiles!

16. How are smart textiles used in fashion? Smart textiles in the fashion industry, mainly to provide the garments with an enhanced aesthetic, improved performance, and interaction capabilities with the environment and external devices. Aesthetic Aesthetic smart fabrics may light up and change color, feature an interactive aspect, or alter in response to their surroundings. Fashion designers have already embraced the new technology, designing whole collections made of intelligent fabrics. Textile uses for photochromic, thermochromic, electrochromic, and solvatochromic materials may be found in fashion and decoration. For example, the company CuteCircuit develops all kinds of garments to allow self-expression. An example of this is The Mirror Handbag, which is constructed of ultralightweight aerospace aluminum and laser-etched acrylic mirror, which allows the light from the white LEDs to shine through and produce spectacular animations as display messages and Tweets. Performance enhancement With an emphasis on function above fashion, performance-enhancing innovative fabrics provide the user a one-of-a-kind experience based on their intended application. This includes regulating body temperature, lowering wind and water resistance, protecting against radiation, and monitoring bodily functions, such as heart rate or muscle exertion.

17. To provide sun-protective qualities, passive materials such as optical brighteners and UV absorbers are added to fibers. When combined with other technological components, these materials may successfully prevent skin damage and other associated problems caused by sun exposure. A nickel-titanium alloy, used in protective gear against fire and high temperatures and gives variable degrees of protection depending on temperature, is an example of a shape memory alloy used in textiles. Several firms are working on smart clothing and accessories that monitor and collect data depending on athlete movements. For example, ReTiSense created a smart insole for runners to wear in their shoes. The smart insole may assist runners in improving their form and avoiding injuries. And businesses like WearableX and Athos have paved the way for high-performance sports apparel that provides athletes with added utility.

18. Interaction E-textiles may also be utilized to make the most of external devices; Google’s Jacquard is a prime example of this. Jacquard is a Google-created wearable technology that has been incorporated into clothes and accessories. Google and Levi’s partnered to create a smart jacket. The capacitive touch grid that serves as the jacket’s user interface is woven right into the fabric and can be used to answer calls, play music, snap photographs, and receive directions with a single motion. And e-textiles don’t simply make gadgets simpler to operate; they also save battery power.

19. Examples HugShirt – CuteCircuit CuteCircuit created the world’s first haptic communications wearable in 2002, and Time Magazine named it one of the Best Inventions of the Year in 2006.  The HugShirt enables you to deliver hugs over long distances. Sensors record the contact’s strength, length, and position, and actuators reproduce the sense of touch and the emotion of the hug to your loved ones.

20. Examples SoundShirt – CuteCircuit CuteCircuit released the breakthrough SoundShirt in 2016. This garment uses integrated haptics to enable a deaf person to sense music. The SoundShirt PRO is similar to a HugShirt , except it has more haptic actuators and can be used for music, hugs, gaming, and access to live performances at venues with a QPRO system . Because of the added haptic actuation modules, the SoundShirt delivers more immersive augmented and virtual reality experiences.

21. Examples Mercury Intelligent heated jacket – Ministry of supply Mercury dials in your perfect temperature in real-time, thanks to sophisticated lightweight heating components and revolutionary stretch insulation.  An intelligent thermostat responds to your body and surroundings by managing three lightweight, flexible carbon fiber heating components. Mercury is designed to protect you from repelling wind, snow, water, and odors–whatever your travels throw at you.

22. Examples Smart socks – Sensoria Sensoria provides a comprehensive line of smart clothes for a variety of activities. Smart socks, mainly, can detect cadence, foot landing, and impact forces. Sensoria’s socks include patented 100 percent textile sensors. They are coupled with a Bluetooth detachable core that improves precision in step counting, speed, calories, altitude, and distance monitoring. Sensoria may assist runners in identifying injury-prone running techniques (heel striking, ball striking, and so on) and then uses a mobile app to train the runner in real-time through auditory cues.

23. Examples Smart Shirts – Hexoskin Textile sensors incorporated in comfortable clothes for accurate and continuous cardiac, respiratory, and activity monitoring comprise the Hexoskin Smart Garments. With the leading Hexoskin Connected Health Platform , Hexoskin users can see, report, and analyze their data. Hexoskin provides information on your health status, sleep, and personal daily activities. Hexoskin Smart Shirts are also utilized in cardiac, respiratory, activity, stress, cognitive, and sleep research and projects.

24. Examples Commuter X Jacquard by Google – Levi’s Google teamed with Levi’s to produce and release the Levi’s Commuter X Jacquard By Google, a Bluetooth-enabled jacket. It is engineered for mobility, and city-optimized. It’s the updated version of the original Trucker Jacket, incorporating careful design features for active users in the city. This ground-breaking garment combines 150 years of Levi’s denim creativity and Google engineering, with conductive Jacquard thread woven in. You can control music, screen phone calls, and obtain directions with a touch of the cuff.

25. Wearable Computing, Smart Garments, and Smart Textiles A wearable computer is a computing device that is body worn and, thus, closely connected to the user. It has the potential of interweaving itself with its users and their everyday life achieving true pervasiveness. In contrast to mobile devices such as smartphones, wearable computers are always on, always ready, and always acces - sible [1]. They do not need to be explicitly switched on but automatically react to the wearer’s explicit (e.g., a voice command) or implicit (e.g., change in heart rate) input. There are many different definitions of wearable computing. For example, Steve Mann defines a wearable computer as follows: Wearable Computer is a data processing system attached to the body, with one or more output devices, where the output is perceptible constantly despite the particular task or body position, and input means where the input means allows the functionality of the data processing system to be modified. [ Steve Mann]

26. There are two strands of wearable computing devices that need to be distinguished. First, wearable gadgets, for example, fitness bracelets, or eyewear computers, are miniaturized computers that can be attached to certain body parts such as the wrist or head. They provide input and output capabilities as well as connectivity to either a central device or directly to the World Wide Web. Nevertheless, the user needs to attach these devices explicitly, may forget or chose not to use the device, and the device is always an addition to the user. In contrast, smart garments (also referred to as smart clothing) are clothes which are enriched in functionality through sensing, processing, and actuation. Smart garments are particular garments, built—at least in part—using smart tex - tiles. Smart textile patches are in their base structure related to classic textiles, i.e., they consist of woven or knitted fabrics. In addition, however, smart textiles integrate functionality, e.g., to track a wearer’s postures, gestures, vitals, or provide feedback.

27. Van Langenhove and Hertleer define smart textiles as follows: Smart Textiles are textiles that are able to sense stimuli from the environment, to react to them and adapt to them by integration of functionality in the textile structure. The stimulus and response can have an electrical, thermal, chemical, magnetic, or other origin.

28. Intelligent apparel The term ‘ intelligent apparel ’ describes a class of apparel that has supplementary active functions in addition to the traditional clothing properties. These novel functions or properties are obtained by the utilization of special textiles, electronic devices or a combination of the two. Thus, the sweater that changes colour under the effect of heat could be regarded as intelligent clothing, as well as a bracelet that records the heart rate of a sportsman during exercise. Intelligent clothing can therefore be classi fi ed into three categories: • Clothing assistants that store information in memory and carry out complex calculations. • Clothing monitors that record the behaviour or the health of the person. • Regulative clothing, which adjusts certain parameters, such as temperature or ventilation.

29. Intelligent apparel Finally, all intelligent clothing can function in manual or automatic mode. In the case of manual functioning, the person who wears the clothing can act on these additional intelligent functions, and in the automatic mode the clothing can react autonomously to external environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, light). Various electronic part classi fi cations that can be included in smart textiles are pre- sented below, according to four principal recurring topics: peripherals, processing data, connectors and energy. A short description of these components is provided below, in order to better understand the objectives of research undertaken at the present time on the electronics ‘ related to oneself ’ .

30. Smart and Intelligent Textiles Introduction to Smart and Intelligent Textiles Lesson Smart textiles are fabrics that have been designed and manufactured to include technologies that provide the wearer with increased functionality. These textiles have numerous potential applications, such as the ability to communicate with other devices, conduct energy, transform into other materials and protect the wearer from environmental hazards. Research and development towards wearable textile-based personal systems allowing health monitoring, protection and safety, and healthy lifestyle gained strong interest during the last few years. Smart fabrics and interactive textiles’ activities include personal health management through integration, validation, and use of smart clothing and other networked mobile devices as well as projects targeting the full integration of sensors/ actuators, energy sources, processing and communication within the clothes to enable personal applications such as protection/safety, emergency and healthcare. The purpose of the course is to train an "Expert for research and innovation in the smart textile sector" by teaching the essential basics of textile technology and deepening the new development trends relating to materials, processes, ICT application and markets.

31. Components of Smart Textile System Smart textiles with sensing and actuation capabilities have been produced as a single-purpose textile. However, certain function building blocks; may be included in the complete smart textile system. These consist of Sensor, Actuator, Communication, Interconnection, Control Unit and Power supply

32. Functional Materials for Smart Textiles Lesson In order to turn standards textiles into smart textiles, functional materials are used. The main ones are Conductive Materials Responsive Materials Fiber Optics Materials Important attention point for these functional materials is always that the resulting product must still have a handle that one expects from a textile product.

33. Fabrication Methods of Smart Textiles Lesson Several methods are used to integrate the different parts to get a smart textile structure. As a result, the integrating techniques of these starting materials differ. Conductive or Responsive Compounds Conductive or Responsive Yarn or Filament Fiber Conductive or Responsive Fabric/Sheet

34. Future Outlook of Smart and Intelligent Textiles Prospects of Smart Textiles The evolution and development of smart textiles is ongoing. Smart textiles become less intrusive, more intelligent, and lower cost. Apart from this, there are also some ground breaking developments. Stealth invisible textiles The notion of stealth, or operating or hiding in such a way that enemy forces are ignorant of friendly forces' presence, was originally investigated through camouflage, or the ability to blend an object's appearance into the visual context. Later, chameleonic camouflages with a higher hiding function became available. Recently, a Canadian business, Hyperstealth Biotechnology, has trademarked materials that render items invisible to the naked sight. Combining quantum physics and stealth theory with color-changing adaptive materials could lead to the development of state-of-the-art invisibility cloak fabrics in the near future, expanding the range of adaptive polymer applications.

35. 4D printing There are also initiatives to materialize 4D items. 3D printed objects often have fixed geometrical structures, making them unsuitable for multifunctional usage. The concept of 4D printing refers to what happens after 3D printing is completed, i.e., a 3D static structure is first fabricated and then able to convert or reconfigure into a new structure in the presence of a stimulus such as light, heat, pH, water, a magnetic field, or other means, depending on the material used for 3D printing.

36. In its first 3D form, a smaller object is created, which can then expand, flex, or fold out into a larger object in its secondary form. This allows for the creation of enormous 3D items that would otherwise be too large to fit into a standard 3D printer. 4D printing may appear speculative, but many academics and labs around the world are already excited about the promising future prospects of this innovative method. As a result, 4D printing could be a viable option for creating dynamic structures for smart fabrics. To cope with 4D printing, a thorough understanding of the chemistry and physics of smart materials, as well as their behavior, is required.

37. Visionary Textiles These are fundamentally engineered biological functions in order to create its own textiles. The approach might involve the natural growth of genetically engineered conductive strands. For instance, boosting metallic mineral absorption in cotton and allowing them to accumulate in the seed. Cotton could also be treated with metallic nanoparticles throughout the flowering and boll opening stages. These are purely conceptual ideas that are unlikely to reach commercial implementation at this time, although a miracle could occur in the future. Those are only hypothetical concepts at the present, and they are unlikely to gain widespread acceptance. They do, however, expand the imagination in terms of the level of integration that smart Textiles & Clothing will very certainly achieve in the future. Examples are Self-healing textiles Naturally conductive fabrics Bio-lace