SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL

The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal system having remote override facilities. During normal time the signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction but in the event of any emergency vehicle like ambulance, fire brigade etc. requiring priority are built in with RF remote control to override the set timing by providing instantaneous green signal in the desired direction while blocking the other lanes by red signal for some time. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world thus it is felt imperative to provide such facilities to important vehicles.
Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density. Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. The proposed system using a PIC microcontroller duly interfaced with sensors, changes the junction timing automatically to accommodate movement of vehicles smoothly avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project are IR, are in line of sight configuration across the loads to detect the density at the traffic signal. The override feature is activated by an on board RF transmitter operated from the emergency vehicle.

1. SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL LEKHA M[B3ENEE3305] THRISHNA JAYARAJ[B3ENEE3312] SRUTHI M SURENDRAN[B3ENEE3311] 1

2. CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION BLOCK DIAGRAM BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM MAIN CIRCUIT AMBULANCE RECEIVER CIRCUIT AMBULANCE TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT WORKING COMPONENT FLOW CHART PROJECT IMPLEMENTION STEPS BREAD BOARD CONNECTION PCB LAYOUT [MAIN CIRCUIT ] PCB LAYOUT[AMBULANCE CIRCUIT ] MAIN CIRCUIT AMBULANCE CIRCUIT COMPLETED MODEL ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS APPLICATION CONCLUSION 2

3. INTRODUCTION Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world. We developed a traffic control system, which can measure both traffic load and emergency vehicles . We implemented a sensor network work which is used to detect the traffic density. A RF based communication system is used for getting information from the emergency vehicle. 3

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM 4 IR SENSOR NODE 1 PIC16F877A IR SENSOR NODE 2 IR SENSOR NODE 3 IR SENSOR NODE 4 TRAFFIC LIGHT 1 TRAFFIC LIGHT 2 TRAFFIC LIGHT 3 TRAFFIC LIGHT 4 RF RECIVER POWER SUPPLY UNIT DIGITAL DECODER CIRCUIT DATA ENCODER I RF TRANSMITTER AMBULANCE CIRCUIT MAIN CIRCUIT

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION 5 PIC16F877A This microcontroller is very convenient to use. The coding or programming of this controller is also easier. It can be write-erase as many times as possible. It has a total number of 40 pins and there are 33 pins for input and output. . It is used in remote sensors, security and safety devices, home automation etc.

6. 6 PIN DESCRIPTION

7. IR SENSOR Used for object detection using which the system gets an input of the traffic density. Traffic density is measured as “low, medium and high. The system adjusts and varies the traffic signal duration for that particular way. 7

8. POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT It convert one form of electrical energy to another Transformer convert the input voltage to a higher or lower AC voltage. Rectifier convert the transformer output voltage to a varying DC voltage. Filter convert it to an unregulated DC voltage. 8

9. RF MODULE  It comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. HT12E Encoder IC will convert the 4 bit parallel data given to pins D0 – D3 to serial data and will be available at DOUT. This output serial data is given to ASK RF Transmitter. . HT12D decoder will convert the received serial data to 4 bit parallel data D0 – D3. 9

10. TRAFFIC LIGHTS The red signal prohibits any traffic from proceeding. The amber (yellow) light warns that the signals is about to change to red. The green light allows traffic to proceed in the direction denoted. Blue LEDs are provide in each lane for the arrival of any emergency 10

11. Components 11 PIC16F877A IR SENSOR LED ENCODER DECODER RF MODULE

12. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS Main circuit diagram Ambulance Receiver Circuit Ambulance Transmitter Circuit 12

13. MAIN CIRCUIT 13

14. AMBULANCE RECIVER CIRCUIT 14

15. AMBULANCE TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT 15

16. WORKING 16 DENSITY BASED OPERATION

17. Consider a junction where three lights (green, amber and red) are arranged on all four sides. Three sensors placed at each road , marks low, medium and high density zones respectively High density traffic there will be more allotment of time and for low density low time respectively. In other side it is continously monitors the RF receiver information. 17

18. EMERGENCY VEHICLE OPEARTION

19. FLOWCHART 19 START ININITILISATION OF PORTS SET SIGNALS CHECK DENSITY CHECK FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLE NORMAL OPERATION DENSITY BASED DELAY NORMAL OPERATION STOP SWITCHING GREEN ON EMERGENCY VECHILE SIDE

20. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STEPS Stage: 1 Bread Board Circuit Stage :2 PCB Layout Stage: 3 Main Circuit & Ambulance Circuit Stage :4 Final Set Up 20

21. BREAD BOARD CIRCUIT 21 LED PIC16F877A SUPPLY SWITCHES

22. PCB LAYOUT 22 MAIN CIRCUIT

23. 23 AMBULANCE CIRCUIT

24. MODEL 24 RF RECEIVER DECODER PIC18F877a POWER CIRCUIT MAIN CIRCUIT

25. 25 AMBULANCE CIRCUIT ENCODER RF TRANSMITTER

26. 26 AMBULANCE CIRCUIT MAIN CIRCUIT TRAFFIC LIGHTS IR SENSOR TRANSFORMER COMPLETED MODEL

27. ADVANTAGES Better than time based traffic control. Save considerable amount of time Avoid traffic jams which causes public inconvenience No need of traffic inspector at the junctions 27

28. LIMITATIONS IR sensors sometimes may absorb normal light also. IR sensors work only for fewer distances. Should arrange in accurate manner otherwise they may not detect the traffic density. 28

29. APPLICATIONS Avoids wastage of time due to the traffic Fully automatic Low power consumption It provides the easy access in the traffic light. Low cost to design the circuit, maintenance of the circuit is good Easy convenience to handle 29

30. FUTURE SCOPE The system can be replaced by image processing system which will give efficient results . 30

31. CONCLUSION By using this system configuration we can reduce the possibilities of traffic jams. The number of passing vehicles on the road decides the density range of traffics and on the basis of vehicle count microcontroller decides the traffic light delays. Traffic load and emergency vehicles are continuously measured by sensors connected to a microcontroller-based system which also performs all intersection control functions. 31

32. REFERENCE JATES-International Journal of Advanced Technology In Engineering and Science Ijates.com, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijates.com. Jameco Electronics - Electronic Components Distributor DECORDER Jameco.com, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.jameco.com. RFI-"RFID", Rentron.com, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.rentron.com. ELECTRONICS HUB "Electronics Hub", Electronicshub.in , 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.electronicshub.in. DATA SHEET", 2016. [Online]. Available: http://WWW.catalog.com. DATA SHEET” 2016. [Online]. Available: http://WWW.electronics tutorial.com. 32

33. THANK YOU 33