Sociology as a science

Why sociology called as a science, view of different sociologist about scientific study of sociology

1. SOCIOLOGY AS SCIENCE

2. Sociology is the study of society and social behaviour of human beings. It covers a vast area of study, including economy, polity, social structures (size, occupation etc.)

3. According to Auguste Comte and Durkheim, Sociology is a science, because it adopts and applies the scientific methods. It Makes proper use of scientific methods in the study of its subject matter. Hence sociology is considered as science.

4. It involves scientific methods (Sociometry schedule, case-study, interview, questionnaire) It makes accurate observation. Objectivity is possible in Sociology. It describes cause-effect relationship. Makes accurate measurement. (Measures social phenomena accurately) Makes accurate prediction. Makes generalization. (Universally applicable)

5. AUGUSTE COMTE He focused Mainly on stages in the development and progress of human mind and stressed that these stages co-related with parallel stages in the development of social order, units, organisation, Material condition of human life.

6. THE THREE STAGES : UNIVERSAL LAW OF INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT

7. FICTIOUS Activities of man guided by supernatural power. Mans thinking was guided by theoritical dogma. Lack of logical thinking. Priests dominated the stage. Includes concepts like Fethism , Anthromorphism , Polythesim , Monothesim .

8. ABSTRACT It was like a improved theological stage. Discarded belief in concrete God. 1 st stage’s principles were taken over by abstract principles. Abstract power/force guided the world. It was a kind of colonial society; means every society has its ruler and the rulers wanted to dominate and take over the other societies and increase their ruling periphery.

9. SCIENTIFIC In this era warriors were replaced by industrialist and the priests were replaced by scientists. The minds of this world observed and experimented social world and gave effort to trace out scientific laws governing them. This stage is the logical stage of human evolutions.

10. Experimented the relation between the economy and the workers. Divided human society struggles into 2 different social classes. KARL MARX

11. The 1 st one is worker class peoples called “ Proletariat ”. They were the lower class and were not able to make enough money for their dwelling.

12. The 2nd one were “ Bourgeoisie “. They are upper class businessmen, bosses and rulers and they create a sufficient amount of money that is enough and in some cases more for living

13. This theory is popularly known as “ Marxism “.

14. HERBERT SPENCER Spencer shared his work w ith Comet and Durkheim, which was the theory of organic analogy. He borrowed his concepts from Biology.

15. According to him both society and living organisms use to grow. Development is from simple to complex gradually. A society’s growth is just like a growth of a baby to a man.

16. Like the organs of a living organism, each and every part of the society has its special feature.

17. There is a close relationship or kind of special bond between the individuals of a society. Like between the organs of an organism.

18. At last he described that various processes are going on in a society as the biological processes of a living organism. There is a centre of control in both society and organism. In case of society Government or Administration is the centre, like brain in a human body.

19. URMIKANT MANINANDAN SAHU