SOCIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. what is sociology?pptx

Sociology as a Science, human social relationship. Social sciences study patterns of behavior and methods of sociology.

1. SOCIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE

2. What is Science? Science is a body of systematic knowledge. Science is based on reason and evidences. A science is “a branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts or truths systematically arranged and showing the operation of general laws.” Science collects facts and links them together in their casual sequence to draw valid inferences. Science adopts scientific method.

3. Scientific knowledge is acquired through observation, experimentation, generalization etc. Science has the following characteristics such as objectivity, observation, accurate prediction, experimentation, accurate measurement, generalization and cause-effect relationships.

4. What is Sociology? Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions. Sociology’s subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime to religion, from the family to the state, from the divisions of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture, and from social stability to radical change in whole societies.

5. Sociology is an exciting and illuminating field of study that analyzes and explains important matters in our personal lives, our communities, and the world. At the personal level. Sociology offers a distinctive and enlightening way of seeing and understanding the social world in which we live and which shapes our lives.

6. Working Definition Hess, Markson and Stein (1990) -sociology is: The systematic study of human behaviour, The groups to which one belongs, And the societies that human beings create, and within which their lives unfold

7. Social Sciences study patterns of behaviour A Quest to understand patterns of behaviour- found in other disciplines Psychology, Anthropology, Political science, Criminology

8. Sociology is: Concerned Scientific - Systematic Informed

9. We all display Social Sensitivity We are Curious about our own behaviour and the behaviour of others. Why do we act as we do? How are we the same as others ? How are we different?

10. 3 Sample Questions Why are separation rates higher among less educated? - Why are more residents of QC alcoholic compared to Cebu? - Why do Japan currently place more emphasis on economic achievement than Philippines?

11. 3 Revolutions The scientific revolution (16 th c.) encouraged the use of evidence to substantiate theories. The democratic revolution (18 th c.) encouraged the view that human action can change society. The industrial revolution (19 th c.) gave sociologists their subject matter

12. Auguste Comte (1798-1857) WAS SOCIOLOGY’s FOUNDING FATHER He believed society can be studied in the same way as the natural world…( empirically) He called Sociology – social physics .

13. A. COMTE D ivided mankind’s progress into three historical stages: Theological: relies on supernatural agencies to explain what man can't explain otherwise. Metaphysical: man attributes effects to abstract but poorly understood causes. " Positive": because man now understands the scientific laws which control the world.

14. Early European Scholars

15. Early European Scholars

16. Early European Scholars

17. Early European Scholars

18. Modern Perspectives Sociology employs three major theoretical perspectives—functionalism, conflict, and interactionism. The functionalist perspective focuses on order and stability, the conflict perspective focuses on power relations, and the interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals interact with one another in everyday life. Sociologists employ two levels of analysis: macrosociology, which focuses on large-scale systems or society as a whole, and microsociology, which focuses on small-group settings.

19. How do sociologists view what goes on in your school?

20. Positivism -the sociological root Sociology uses an approach called Positivism –August Comte Society should be studied by empirical proof. The scientific method includes: Objective, hypothesis, methodology, analysis, conclusion.

21. WHAT IS A SOCIOLOGIST? He/she is an academic who studies human society from a scientific point of view. THE SOCIOLOGIST -Operationalizes: Concepts Theories Paradigms Methods

22. Functionalism Conflict theory Symbolic interactionism Post modernism Feminism

23. Main Methods of Sociology F our main methods in sociological research: Field methods (e.g., participant observation) Experiments Surveys Analysis of existing documents and official statistics

24. Sociology is the systematic study of human action in social context . It is based on the idea that our relations with other people create opportunities for us to think and act but also set limits on our thoughts and action.

25. Sociology as a Science: According to Auguste Comte and Durkheim, “Sociology is a science because it adopts and applies the scientific method. Sociology does make use of scientific methods in the study of its subject matter. Hence Sociology is a science.

26. It is a science because of the following reasons: Sociology adopts scientific method Sociology makes accurate observation Objectivity is possible in Sociology Sociology describes cause-effect relationship Sociology makes accurate measurement Sociology makes accurate Prediction Sociology makes generalization

27. Sociology as Science The definition of sociology uses the phrase “scientific study.” Many people do not consider the social or soft sciences—such as sociology and psychology—to be “true” or hard sciences—such as chemistry and physics.

28. THAT’S ALL THANK YOU!!!

29. PREPARED BY RHODA C. LIPATA