Sociology unit 1

Evolution of concept in sociology

2.
Defining the Sociology

Need of sociology

Sociology and the Social Sciences

Sociology and the Social Sciences

The Development of Sociology

3. ThetermsociologywascoinedbyAugusteComte,aFrenchphilosopher
,in1839.
Sociology is derived fromthe Latin word “Societus” meaning society
andtheGreekword“logos”meaning‘studyorscience’
Themeaningofsociologyisthusthe‘thescienceofsociety’

4. 1.Thestudyofhumansocialbehaviour,especiallythestudyof
the origins, organization, institutions, and development of
humansociety.
2.Analysisofasocialinstitutionorsocietalsegmentasaself-
contained
entity
or
in
relation
to
society
as
a
whole
.
contained
entity
or
in
relation
to
society
as
a
whole
.

5. Sociologyhas been defined in a number of ways by different
sociologists. No single definition has yet been accepted as completely
satisfactory. For our purpose of study a few definitions may be cited
here.
Auguste Comete
, the founding father of sociology, defines
sociology as “the science of social phenomena subject to natural and
invariablelaws,thediscoveryofwhichistheobjectofinvestigation".
Kingsley
Davis
says
that
"Sociology
is
a
general
science
of
Kingsley
Davis
says
that
"Sociology
is
a
general
science
of
society".
Harry M. Johnson
opines that "sociology is the science that
dealswithsocialgroups".
EmileDurkheim
:"Scienceofsocialinstitutions".

6. Park
regards sociology as "the science of collective behaviour”.
Marshal Jones
defines sociology as "the study of man-in-
relationship-to-men".
Alex Inkeles
says, "Sociology is the study of “systems of social
actionandoftheirinter-relations".
Kimball Young and Raymond W. Mack
say, "Sociology is the
scientificstudyofsocialaspectsofhumanlife".

7. Acarefulexaminationofvariousdefinitionscitedabove,makesit
evident that sociologists differ in their opinion about definition of
sociology. However, the common idea underlying all the definitions mentioned
above is that sociology is concernedwithman,his social relations and
hissociety
.

8. TheThestudy studyofofpeople peopleiningroups groups
Groups Groups inin the the process process ofof self self--formation formation
through through
thethe
actions actions
ofof
individuals individuals
through through
thethe
actions actions
ofof
individuals individuals
Through Through thethe actions actions and and forces forces ofof the the groups groups
themselves themselves

9. “Sociology is the scientific study of human society and
socialinteractions.”
What makes sociology “scientific?” What makes sociology “scientific?”

10. The Scientific Method The Scientific Method The Scientific Method The Scientific Method
T
Science is “...a body of
systematically arranged
knowledge that shows the
Gather Data
Analyze Data
operation of general laws.”
T
As a science, sociology
employs the scientific method
Formulate hypotheses
Choose research design
Review of literature

12.
Sociology is the scientific study of social behaviour of
humans.

Sociologystudiesthesocial,economic,political,andrel igious
activitiesofpeople.

Sociology
has
its
importance
in
analysing
the
various
aspects

Sociology
has
its
importance
in
analysing
the
various
aspects
of communities and families, and their behaviour in social
change and mobility, bureaucracy, addictions, crime and la w,
andallthatinfluencespeoplebehaviour.

They can analyse stuff and it makes it better to know about
thisinformationbecauseitcangetyousomewhere.

13.
Sociology is the study of the social part of us, the pattern of
interaction with other people which is necessary to our very
existence.

Sociology has been described as 'the scientific study of human
group behaviour and 'the application of scientific methods of
inquirytothepuzzlesofsociallife.

We all participate in any number of social groups, many of which overlap
.
Sociologists
study
how
and
why
these
groups
interact
overlap
.
Sociologists
study
how
and
why
these
groups
interact
with each other and howthe interactions affect their members.
Suchanalysesnotonlyyieldaclearerunderstandingofsocietyand
its components, but also allow sociologists to see both the causes
andthepossibleremediesforoursocialproblems.

14. Here are two main schools of thought regarding the scope of
Sociology:
(1)TheSpecialistorFormalisticschooland
(2)theSyntheticschool.
There
is
a
good
deal
of
controversy
about
the
scope
of
Sociology
There
is
a
good
deal
of
controversy
about
the
scope
of
Sociology
betweenthetwoschools.
The supporter of first school believe that Sociology is a specific
scienceandthescopeshouldbelimitedwhereasothersbelievethatitisa
generalscienceanditsscopeisveryvast.

15.
The Sociological Perspective
Socialorganization
It is the study of the various institutions, social groups,
socialstratification,socialmobility,bureaucracy,ethnicgroup sand
relations, and other similar subjects like family, education, pol itics,
religion,economy,andsoonandsoforth.
Social
psychology
Areas of sociology
Social
psychology It is the study of human nature as an outcome of group life,
social attitudes, collective behaviour, and personality formatio n. It
deals with group lifeandtheindividual'straits, attitudes, beliefsas
influenced by group life, and it views man with reference to grou p
life.

16. Socialchangeanddisorganization
It is the study of the change in culture and social relations
and the disruption that may occur in society, and it deals with the
study of such current problems in society such as juvenile
delinquency, criminality, drug addiction, family conflicts , divorce,
populationproblems,andothersimilarsubjects.
Humanecology
It
deals
with
the
nature
and
behaviour
of
a
given
population
It
deals
with
the
nature
and
behaviour
of
a
given
population
and its relationships to the group's present social institutions . For
instance,studiesofthiskindhaveshowntheprevalenceofmental
illness, criminality, delinquencies, prostitution, and drug addiction
inurbancentersandotherhighlydevelopedplaces.

17. Populationordemography
It is the study of population number, composition, change,
and quality as they influence the economic, political, and social
system.
Sociologicaltheoryandmethod
It is concerned with the applicability and usefulness of the
principles and theories of group life as bases for the regulat ion of
man's
environment,
and
includes
theory
building
and
testing
as
man's
environment,
and
includes
theory
building
and
testing
as
basesforthepredictionandcontrolofman'ssocialenvironment.
Appliedsociology
It utilizes the findings of pure sociological research in
various fields such as criminology, social work, community
development, education, industrial relations, marriage, ethnic
relations, family counselling, and other aspects and problems o f
dailylife.

18. Natureofsociology Sociologycanbedescribedasallofthefollowing:
Thestudyofsociety.
Academicdiscipline–
body of knowledge given to - or received by - a disciple
(student); a branch or sphere of knowledge, or field of study,
thatanindividualhaschosentospecialisein.
Fieldofscience–
widely
-
recognized
category
of
specialized
expertise
within
widely
-
recognized
category
of
specialized
expertise
within
science, and typically embodies its own terminology and
nomenclature. Such a field will usually be represented by one
or more scientific journals, where peer reviewed research is
published. There are many sociology-related scientific
journals.
Socialscience–
field of academic scholarship that explores aspects of human
society.