Soil analysis

laboratory

1. ESPEK RESEARCH & ADVISORY SERVICES (ERAS) PRESENT BY: NOOR SYAFIQAH BINTI HABDUL LATIF SOIL ANALYSIS

2. INTERNSHIP REPORT Weeks Report Week 1 - 2 : Fertilizer analysis [ compound – CHB, baja kilang – R3Z, AJIB CRF, R1(WSP), R4, BOE analysis ] : Particles size, moisture : Washing Week 3 - 5 : Soil analysis [soil registration, sample preparation, bases, pH, total P, available P, dry moisture, trace element, preparation of standard & reagents, UV-VIS spectrometry] : Soil analysis[ cation exchange capacity (CEC), bases, wet moisture, soil sample preparation, total P, available P, UV-VIS spectrometry]

3. Soil analysis is a set of various chemical processes that determine the amount of available plant nutrients in the soil, but also the chemical, physical and biological soil properties important for plant nutrition, or "soil health". What is soil analysis?

4. Purpose of soil analysis

5. 13 elements that being analyzed in soil laboratory

6. Analysis of soil Sampling/preparation Determine the pH Determine the moisture sample Leaching & Cation Exchange Capacity(CEC) Total phosphorus Available phosphorus Total nitrogen,organic carbon & sulphur Mechanical analysis Trace element analysis

7. Registration The soil samples received. The quantity of samples were checked. The soil samples were registered and put on the labelled box to dry it out.

8. Drying After being registered, the soil samples were dried out at a well air-ventilation.

9. Crushing and sieving

10. Analyzing -total phosphorus(TP) Preparation of standard (KH2PO4): How to prepare 1000ppm? 10 g of KH2PO4 was put into an oven at 105 °C and left overnight. KH2PO4 was cooled down in dessicator . Weighing(to prepare 1000ppm in 1 L volumetric flask) .

11. Atomic weight of KH2PO4=30.9738 Molecular weight of KH2PO4=136.09g/mol 30.9738 =136.09 1 =(1/30.9738)x136.09 =14.3937 g (1000 ppm ) From 1000 ppm is diluted to 100 ppm & from 100 ppm is diluted to 10 ppm From 10 ppm are diluted to 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 & 1.0 ppm in 100 mL volumetric flask: M1V1 = M2V2 (10)V1 = (1.0)(100) = 10 mL

12. Preparation of reagents: Digestion mixture: Add to known volume of 60% perchloric acid an equal volume concentrated sulphuric acid. Cool the mixture to room temperature. Reagent A: Dissolve 12 g ammonium molybdate in water and add 148 mL conc. Sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4) . Dissolve 0.2908 g potassium antimony in water and add to the above solution. Reagent B: Dissolve 1.32 g ascorbic acid to every 250 mL reagent A used. Ammonium molybdate and potassium antimony react in acid medium with othophosphate to form a heteropoly acid ( phosphomolybdic acid) that is reduced to in tensely colored molybdanum blue by ascorbic acid.

13. 1 g of sample was weighed The samples were digested 6 mL of HClO4 + H2SO4 was added The sample was transferred into a digestion tube Procedures

14. Distilled water was added The sample solution was shook The tube was mark up with distilled water The samples were filtrated

15. Distilled water was added 8 mL reagent B was added The samples were run by UV-VIS spectrometer Mark up with distilled water

16. Data and calculation

17. y = mx + c y = 0.248x + 0.543 X = (y-c)/m Eg : BLK TP X = (0.5373-0.543)/0.248 X = -0.02298 1 st dilution = 100/1 =100 2 nd dilution = 50/5 = 5 3 rd dilution = 1 Concentration of TP = concentration( ppm ) x 1 st dilut . X 2 nd dilut . X 3 rd dilut . = -0.023 x 100 x 10 x 1 = -23

18. Soil analysis is very important in order to determine whether the soil is in well condition which is in a very good fertility for plantation. From this analysis, element consists by soil can be identify and future planning can be well plan. Conclusion