Soil Decontamination Techniques Types.pptx

Soil Decontamination Technique

1. Soil Decontamination Techniques

2. Soil contamination is the occurrence of contaminants in soil above a certain level causing deterioration or loss of one or more soil functions. The soil/media becomes so high that it harms land biodiversity and endangers health, particularly through food. The main anthropogenic sources of soil pollution are the chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers that pollute the land, just as happens with heavy metals and other natural and man-made chemical substances. Soil decontamination, is a phrase that refers to different procedures designed to remove contaminants such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, cyanides, volatiles, creosote, and semi volatiles from dirt. Soil remediation is required to clean and maintain top quality criteria of dirt, water and air that may consequently advantage commercial cultivation and wild flora and fauna.  INTRODUCTION

3. Effect of soil pollution on Ornamental Crops

4. IMPORTANCE OF SOIL STERILIZATION Significant increase of crop yields. Relief from soil fatigue through activation of chemical-biological reactions. Blocked nutritive substances in the soil are trapped and made available for plants. 

5. Major Sources of Soil/ Media contamination

6. METHODS OF SOIL STERILIZATION Physical Sterilization. Chemical Sterilization .

7. Soil replacement method: The use of clean soil to fully or partly replace the contaminated soil with the aim of diluting the pollutant concentration and increasing the soil environmental capacity for the remediation Replacement method: The soil replacement method is also classified into three types: Soil replacement Soil spading New soil importing The physical remediation mainly includes:

8. Soil replacement: Is replacing the contaminated soil with new soil. This method is suitable for treatment of small-scale contamination. Soil spading : Is deeply digging the contaminated soil, inducing the pollutant spread into the deep sites to achieve dilution and natural degradation. New soil importing: It is adding a large amount of clean soil into the contaminated soil, covering the surface (or mixing) to reduce pollutant levels. Soil replacement can effectively isolate the soil and ecosystem, thus decreasing the effect of pollutants on environment. This technology is costly and suitable just for soil in small area.

9. Soil Replacement method Soil Replacement Soil Spading New soil Importing

10. Soil solarization  is a non-chemical  environmentally friendly  method for  controlling pests  using  solar power  to increase the soil temperature to levels at which many soil-borne  plant pathogens  will be killed or greatly weakened. Soil solarization is used in warm climates on a relatively small scale in gardens and  organic farms.   Soil solarization weakens and kills  fungi ,  bacteria ,  nematodes , and insect and mite pests along with weeds in the soil by  mulching  the soil and covering it with a tarp, usually with a transparent  polyethylene  cover to trap solar energy. Soil solarization is dependent upon time, temperature, and soil moisture. It may also be described as methods of  decontaminating soil  or creating  suppressive soils  by the use of sunlight. This energy causes physical, chemical, and biological changes in the soil community. Soil Solarization  

11. Soil Solarization Process

12. Result of Soil solarization with PE sheet

13. Soil solarization Process in open field

14. Soil Steam Sterilization  Soil steam sterilization  ( soil steaming ) is a  farming  technique that  sterilizes   soil  with  steam  in open fields or greenhouses. Pests of plant cultures such as weeds, bacteria, fungi and viruses are killed through induced hot steam which causes vital cellular proteins to  unfold . Biologically, the method is considered a partial disinfection. Important heat-resistant, spore-forming bacteria can survive and revitalize the soil after cooling down. Soil fatigue can be cured through the release of nutritive substances blocked within the soil. Steaming leads to a better starting position, quicker growth and strengthened resistance against plant disease and pests. Today, the application of hot steam is considered the best and most effective way to disinfect sick soil, potting soil and compost.

15. Soil steam sterilization in open field   Soil steam sterilization in Polyhouse  

16. Chemical Sterilization   Soil fumigation is a pre plant chemical treatment of soil, using a pesticide product that converts to form a volatile gas. The gas is able to diffuse through open pore space throughout the soil to provide soil-borne pest and disease control. Fumigations are normally done in nursery areas and in glass houses.

17. Agent Method Recommendation Methyl bromide 10 ml/cu. ft. of medium Cover with gas proof cover for24-48 hr. Aerate for 24-28 before use. Chloropicrin (Tear gas) 3-5 ml/cu. ft. of medium Cover for 1-3 days with gas proof cover after sprinkling with water. Aerate for 14 days or until odour is detected before using. Basamid / Dazomet 8.0 g/ cu.ft . of medium Cover for 7 days with gas proof cover and aerate for atleast a week before use. Formalin/Formaldehyde 20 ml/l of water (37%) Apply 2 lt /cu. ft. cover for 14to 36 hr and aerate for atleast 14 days.

18. Always use gloves, mask, and protective clothing when handling chemicals. Avoid soil treatment during rainy or humid days. Maintain records of date, method, and chemicals used. Wash tools and trays properly after treatment. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS  

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