Solar Electricity Supply with Flexible Autonomous PV-Diesel Hybrid Systems - The Truth Behind.pdf

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SOLAR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY WITH
FLEXIBLE AUTONOMOUS PV-DIESEL
HYBRID SYSTEMS - THE TRUTH BEHIND

Philipp Otter, AUTARCON GmbH

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Content
1.Solar Energy Suppply from an German Perspective
2.Energy and Energy Efficiency Education with respect to TZ

Purpose
1.To start the workshop – lets play with some numbers
2.Bring TZ back on right track energetically and economically
when it comes to energy supply

Developed world has invested into fossil fuels many years ago
Today there are better options …

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Kassel

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Kassel: 20 MW of PV are connected per day globally

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Typical solar system?
•These systems substitute Kerosine
•Here we do not talk about these
system

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Solar technology – become an entrepreneur

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Sunny boy

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Feed in Tariff – still a success story
•everybody with a roof
wants to be an
entrepreneur

•Rapid decrease of
module prices

•Reduction of feed in
tariff

•based on price
dumping from China.

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PV-price learning curve

In the last 24
months cost/kWh
solar electricity
was cut in half

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Worldwide growth of PV-installations (cumulative)

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Tanzania
Tanzania
Inhabitants (2012) Around 45 Million, 44 % being younger
than 15 years
Increase in Population 2,8 %/a
Persons per km
2
51 (Germany: 229)
Area 945.000 km
2
(Germany: 357.000 km
2
)
Electrification rate (2013) 18,4 %
Sunshine hours per year 2.800 – 3.500 h/a (Kassel 1.445 h/a)
People living in rural areas (2012) 73 %
Annual economic growth rate around 6 %
GDP (2012) 28 Billion US Dollar
GDP shares (2012) 28 % Agricultural, 25 % Industry, 47 %
tertiary sector
Power plants (2012) 1.500 MW
-900 being from fossil fuels,
-600 being Water Power (in 2004,
Water made up 94% of electricity
production in Tanzania)
Electricity “production” (2012) 3,1 Billion kWh, 2,7 Billion kWh were
bought from other companies than
TANESCO and neighbouring countries Source: Nico Ulmer

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Energy Outlook Tanzania 2035
Plant capacity in MW
Source: Nico Ulmer
Fossil Power Plants
Imports
Renewables
Hydro
Wind
Photovoltaik
Biomass

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Flow of energy common fossil power plant
Heat 70 %
Electricity 30 %
Coal, Gas, Oil

100%
Wherever energy is converted heat is produced!

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Energy Outlook Tanzania 2035

Fossil Power Plants
Imports
Renewables
Hydro
Wind
Photovoltaik
Biomass
+ 16.000 MW Heat

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Efficiency of Solar PV
Electricity 12 - 15 %
Solar Radiation
100 %

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Fossil fuel and biomass combustion
Heat
0,7 %
Electricity
0,3 %
Coal, Gas, Oil,
Energy crops
max. 1%
Biomass production
Photosysnthesis max 1%
Solar Radiation
100 %

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Efficiency of Solar PV
Electricity 12 - 15 %
Solar Radiation
100 %

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You want a real example?
Lets check out NM AIST Campus!

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What is this?

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Energy conversion in a Dieselgenerator
•Diesel 1: 80 kWel
•Diesel 2: 144 kWel
•Total Diesel Power: 225 kWel
•Efficiency?
~ 25%  225 kW/0,25 = 900 kW
•Operational time
13 h/day  12,000 kWh/day
•Energy content of 1 L of Diesel?
11 kWh/L
12,000(kWh/d)/ 11(kWh/L) =
1,065 L/day
•Costs of Diesel in TZ?
•1 USD/L  1,000 USD/d

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Flow of energy Diesel
Heat 75 %
800 L

Electricity 25 %
266 L

Diesel 100% 13h/day at full capacity
1,065 L/day, 12 MWh

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What is this?
•30 Energy saving lamps each 20 W
•30 Common lamps each 120 W
•Energy savings: 90 W / lamp * 30 Lamps = 2.700 W
@ 10 hours pery day
 27 kWh per day 2.5 L/day (electricity) + 10 L/day (heat)
•Is that a lot?

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What is this
Water Boiler
•Energy consumption?
•1.500 W @ 20 h per day
 30 kWh/day
 2.8 L (electr.) + 11 L (heat)

How many boilers are on Campus?
- 50  140 L + 550 L
-100  280 L + 1100 L

Who had a hot shower this morning?
•Water consumption: 40 L
 40 L /Shower  0,11 L + 0,42 L

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What is this?

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The least efficient way of cooling

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Power consumption of airconditioning
-17.000 W
-5 hours per day
-6 Units
 510 kWh/day
 47 L (elect.) + 186 L (heat)

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Are you cold?

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So lets open the door a bit so we can waste 243 L of diesel

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One option to adapt – Solar/Diesel Hybrid

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Solar Radiation goes along with power requirements

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Economics of Hybrid Systems

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Become independent from Fossil fuels

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What is this?

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Thank you very much

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Solar Conference Cairo

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