Solar_Power_System_and_Inverter_Installa.pptx

Siwess report on solar panel installation

1. SYNCRO-ELSON INTERNATIONAL LIMITED FACULTY OF ENGINEERING EKITI STATE UNIVERSITY, P.M.B. 5363, ADO EKITI. ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT TRAINED WITH AKOMOLAFE MICHAEL OLUWADEMILADE 1101485 BY FROM JUNE, 2015 TO NOVEMBER, 2015

2. The name of the establishment is SYNCHRO-ELSON NIGERIA LIMITED located at 68, Ogudu Road, Ojota , Lagos, founded (year operation started) in 1995 by Engr. Ifeanyi and their mission is to become the engine of commerce and trade in Africa in solar energy and power electronics. The company serves both retail and wholesale customers, offering products that span various categories including Inverters, Batteries, Fans, Bulbs, Solar panels and controllers, Mixers and much more. Furthermore, the organisation is committed in the sales, maintenance, troubleshooting and repair of inverters, hybrid inverters, mixers, rechargeable fans and other lightings equipment. The organization structure and hierarchy of company is shown below. CONTENT OF THE ORGANIZATION

3. ORGANOGRAM OF THE COMPANY   CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MANAGING DIRECTOR ADMINISTRATIVE HEAD OF TECHNICAL DEPT TECHNICAL ENGINEERS

4. ABSTRACT The overview of this presentation is highlighted below: Testing the battery condition Charging Current and Charging Time Calculations Back up Time Calculation Solar Panels Calculation Solar Charge Controller Back up Time Calculation Solar Power System Loads Survey Analysis Loads Separation Types of Inverter Installation Troubleshooting an Inverter Scope of the Training Installation of an Inverter Deep Cycle Batteries

5. During the five months industrial training, I was attached to the Technical Department of the company. The major dealings in this department which I participated fully include: This involves the charging of a weak or low battery with the aid of a battery charger. These batteries may in banks which are connected in series, parallel or series-parallel connection. These batteries are called Deep Cycle Batteries. This involves the testing of a newly purchased inverters in order to ascertain its working condition before taken to the client’s custody. Also, faulty inverters are also troubleshooted and repaired. This involves the installation of newly purchased inverters in client’s residence. Maintenance is also done periodically on these inverters. This is ensured during installation by separating the mains loads from the inverters’ loads in order to avoid overloading the inverter. SCOPE OF TRAINING Charging of Batteries: Testing and Troubleshooting of Inverters: Installation and Maintenance of Inverters: Inverter L oads Separation during Installation:

6. This involves the calculations of clients’ total power consumption in watts in order to recommend an appropriate inverter capacity to power those loads . SCOPE OF TRAINING CONT’D Inverter loads survey: Repairs of Rechargeable fans and other lighting equipments such as lamps, torch light, power banks etc.: This involves troubleshooting of rechargeable fans by either replacing the battery or by working on the power panels and every other panels indicating a fault. LED’s are also replaced in lamps and panels are also troubleshooted and repaired. Installation of hybrid inverters (It is otherwise called solar inverters): This involves the installation of inverters as well as solar panels together with its solar charge regulators for appropriate charging parameters. This involves the installation of inverters as well as solar panels together with its solar charge regulators for appropriate charging parameters.

7. INSTALLATION OF AN INVERTER An Inverter is a power device that converts the battery power which is direct current into an alternating power. There are three major stages in which an inverter must undergo before the conversion process. These stages include: Oscillation Stage Amplification Stage Transformation Stage Oscillation stage Amplification stage Transformation stage Battery + - AC Loads Stages in an Inverter

8. It can discharge up to 45% to 75% of its capacity. DEEP CYCLE BATTERIES These are batteries that are specially designed for the use of an inverter. Deep Cycle batteries are the best for inverters because; Its terminals are threaded which makes the battery terminals of the inverter to be firmly screwed. Hence, the tendency of partial contact at the battery terminals is very limited. It provides a steady amount of current over a long period of time A Bank of Deep Cycle Batteries

9. TESTING THE CONDITION OF A DEEP CYCLE BATTERY Positive Probe Handle Holes for heat escape Digital Display Load Switch Negative Probe

10. CHARGING CURRENT AND CHARGING TIME CALCULATION OF BATTERIES The charging current of a battery is determined by this simple formular : = 10 % of the battery current + Loss i.e Loss = 4% of the battery current The charging current for a 200AH 12V battery is calculated below: = 10 % of 200A + 4% of 200A = 20A + 8A = 28A Hence, the charging current for 200AH 12V battery is 28A The charging Time = ( Battery Amperage)/Charging Current. = 200AH/28A = 7.14 hours which is about 7 hours 18 minutes.

11. Calculate the charging current and charging hours of two 200AH batteries connected in parallel. Solution Charging Current = 10% of 200A + 4% of 200A = 40A + 16A = 56A Charging Time = Battery Amperage/Charging current = 400AH/56A = 7 Hours 18 minutes Calculate the charging current and charging hours of two 200AH batteries connected in series. Solution Charging Current = 10% of 400A + 4% of 400A Note: The amperage remains the same with increment in voltage i.e series connection = 20A+ 8A = 28A The Charging Time remains the same while the charging voltage is doubled i.e 27.6V - 28V

12. BACK UP TIME CALCULATION OF BATTERIES The backup time of a battery or banks of battery is determined by this formular: = The battery Amperage / Current drawn by the inverter The current drawn by the inverter = Power drawn by the load/ input DC Voltage of the inverter. E.g What is the estimated back up time of 1KVA, 12V inverter in which 200W is drawn using 150AH 12V battery. Solution Back up time = The battery Amperage/Current drawn by the inverter Battery Amperage = 150AH The current drawn by the inverter = 200W/12 = 16.67A Back up Time = 150AH/16.67A = 8.99 Hours = 9 Hours (Approximately )

13. SOLAR POWER SYSTEM The solar system consists of solar panels, solar controllers, deep cycle battery and inverter. Solar Charge Controller Connection Solar System

14. HOW TO CALCULATE THE NUMBER OF SOLAR PANELS TO BE INSTALED FOR BATTERY CHARGING IN AN INSTALLATION. E.g . 1 For a 5KVA 96V inverter using nine 200AH batteries, calculate the number of solar panels to be installed for normal battery charging. Solution The charging current for 200AH battery is 28A. The charging power = 96V * 28A = 2688W The number of solar panels = Charging power/Power of each Solar Panel . The number of solar panels Using 250W 12V solar panel as a case study. = 2688W/250W = 10.72 Panels . For the connection, since each panel is 12V, we need to achieve 96V for proper charging. This means 9 solar panels will be used in series instead of 10 panels.

15. E.g 2 For a 5KVA 48V inverter using 200AH batteries, calculate the number of solar panels to be installed for normal battery charging. The solar panel power = 48 * 28 = 1344W Solution Using 250W 24V solar panel as a case study. The number of solar panels = 1344W/250W = 5.4 panels 2 solar panels will be connected in series to achieve 48V which will also be paralleled to each other to double the current. Hence 4 solar panels will be used or 6 solar panels depending on the cost. I will strongly suggest 6 solar panels (31.25A = 28A + 3.25A) in order to compensate for power consumption during usage by the day. 3.25 * 48 = 156W

16. SELECTION OF SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER FOR A SPECIFIC SOLAR PANEL The solar charge controller to be selected for solar panels solely depends on the power ratings of the solar panels. The solar charge controller must be able to control and regulate the maximum voltage and the current of the solar panels. It must be able to handle these quantities conveniently. Taking for instance, for a 250W 24V solar panel, the maximum current supplied by this panel is 250/24 = 10.41A. The solar controller to be used must be 24V solar controller. The current capability of the controller must be at least 30% higher than the maximum current of the panel. 30% of 10.41A = 3.125A This means that the solar controller should be 13.125A. The closest controller to this is 24V 15A solar controller which should be used to controller a panel of 250W 24V.

17. LOAD SURVEY ANALYSIS Load survey is the process of determining the total loads consumption in order to determine the inverter capacity to be installed at the residence’s end. This can also be defined as the act of determining the maximum load that will be connected to an inverter which will be within the inverter capacity range for optimum performance. S/N Points QTY True Power 1. Energy Savings Bulbs (18W) 5 90W 2. Television (85W) 1 85W * 3 = 225W (High startup current) 3. Standing fan (40W) 2 40W 4. Laptop (85W charger) 1 85W   Total Loads   510W Loads surveyed table

18. NOTE: 70 % of Inverter Capacity = Total loads surveyed = 510W LOAD SURVEY ANALYSIS CONT’D Inverter Capacity in Watt = 510/0.7 = 729W Inverter capacity in KVA = 729W/pf where pf = power factor = 729W/0.8 = 911.25VA which is 1KVA to the nearest KVA Therefore, 1KVA inverter is recommended for the loads above.

19. LOADS SEPARATION This is an aspect of installation that should be considered during installation. This involves the separation of the inverter loads from other loads in the electrical installation of the building. This is achieved by connecting all the loads at a point which is then directly connected to the inverter output without interfering with the NEPA mains loads. IMPORTANCE OF LOADS SEPARATION IN AN INVERTER INSTALLATION. 1. It enables the optimum performance of the inverter as the desired loads alone which were calculated are connected to it 2. It avoids overload. This ensures that the inverter is not overloaded beyond its capacity which may eventually damage the inverter if not ensured. 3. It helps to monitor the drainage level since no other loads will work on the inverter when switched on so as to increase the battery life.

20. TYPES OF INVERTER INSTALLATION INVERTER INSTALLATION WITHOUT DB AND CHANGEOVER INVERTER INSTALLATION WITH DB ONLY INSTALLATION WITH BOTH DB AND CHANGE OVER. Battery Bank Inverter Floor Socket for Inverter Loads N L 1. INVERTER INSTALLATION WITHOUT DB AND CHANGEOVER

21. 2. INVERTER INSTALLATION WITH DB ONLY TYPES OF INVERTER INSTALLATION CONT’D. Inverter Loads Mains Loads N

22. 3. INVERTER INSTALLATION WITH BOTH DB AND CHANGEOVER TYPES OF INVERTER INSTALLATION CONT’D. Neutral Link + - Switch Earth Link Inverter Bypass Gen. NEPA N L INVERTER BATTERY BANK . . . . Inverter Loads Mains Loads N L INVERTER OUTPUT (L) N L L N MAINS OUTPUT (L) N N

23. TROUBLESHOOTING AN INVERTER S/N INVERTER FAULTS WAYS TO RESOLVE FAULTS 1. Short circuit fault Check (i) All MOSFETs (ii) Driver Card and (iii) Control Card 2. Overload fault/Overload trip Check (i) Zener Diode (IN4148) (ii) Feedback connector (iii) Driver card (iv) MOSFETs (v) Sensor transformer 3. Not on Check (i) DC fuse (ii)Battery connector (iii) Battery voltage (iv) All MOSFETs (v) Voltage Regulator (7812, 7805) (vi) Control card 4. Mains not sense Check (i) AC fuse (ii) AC wire (iii) Voltage and frequency of the mains (v) Mains sensing transformer 5. Not charging Put Inverter in Normal Mode then check (i) Control card (ii) Mains sensing transformer 6. Fan not working Make sure the fan is free from dirt then check the fan with multimeter. Then check transistor BD139 7. All LED blinking/Over temperature fault Check the thermistor wire and the thermistor on the heat sink 8. Battery Low Check the battery efficiency by testing with SBDTM and check the control card.

24. WHILE TROUBLESHOOTING A 1450VA INVERTER

25. For any information on your Electronics Project, please contact me on 08061194240 E-mail: [email protected]

26. THANKS FOR LISTENING