Solar PV design and installation

Principles of Solar PV and Designing of Solar systems

1. SOLAR PV SYSTEMS DESIGN & INSTALLATIONS

2. Basics Power P(W) = Voltage V(V) x Current I(A) Unit of power = Watts 1 W= 1 J/s Energy = Power P (W) x time t (hrs) Unit of energy = Watt-hour

3. SOLAR ENERGY Solar energy  is radiant light and heat from the sun, harnessed with the help of technologies . PW= = one billion million watts  

4. Why solar Sustainable Off grid Noiseless Low maintenance

5. Status of energy consumption in India

6. Solar technologies 1.Solar thermal 2. Solar Photo- voltaics

7. Solar thermal Directly uses the sunlight to heat through solar collectors Flat plate collectors Evacuated tube collectors Concentrators

8. Applications of solar thermal Space heating Process heating Solar cookers Solar distillation unit Solar water heaters

9. SOLAR PV  A photovoltaic system (   PV system)  converts solar energy to electrical energy It uses solar cells Electricity generation

10. Principle Photovoltaic effect

11. Solar PV cells

12. Cells to arrays https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell#/media/File:From_a_solar_cell_to_a_PV_system.svg

13. Types of PV systems 1. Grid connected system

14. 2. Standalone system

15. batteries panels During night load Charge controller

16. Components of PV system

17. PV modules The assembly of solar cells in the form of a array Converts sunlight into DC electricity.

18. Solar Charge Controller Regulates the voltage and current coming from the PV panels going to battery and prevents battery overcharging and prolongs the battery life.

19. Inverter Converts DC output of PV panels or wind turbine into a clean AC current for AC  appliances or fed back into grid line. Inverter capacities is expressed in kVA

20. Battery  Stores energy for supplying to electrical appliances when there is a demand.

21. Depth of Discharge (DoD) DOD is the percentage amount of energy that can be extracted from the total capacity of the battery. It used to describe how deeply the battery is discharged. If we say a battery is 100% fully charged, it means the DOD of this battery is 0%. Fully discharge them to 100% DOD, it would shorten the cycle life of batteries DoD

22. Days of Autonomy (DA) the number of days that you need the system to operate when there is no power produced by PV panels Days without solar PV Days with solar PV

23. Design of solar PV system

24. Design steps

25. Example

26. Power consumption Step 1

27. S.NO APPLIANCES WATTS (W) NO’S TOTAL WATTS OF APPLIANCES (W) = 3X4 Watts x no’s HOURS OF USAGE PER DAY (hrs) WATT-HOUR PER DAY ( Wh /day) = 5x6 Watts x No’s x hours 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. LIGHT 100 5 500 2 1000 2. FAN 120 3 360 3 1080 TOTAL 860 2080

28. loss factor Because if a panel produces 100% it will be able to supply only 70% Step 2: =1.3 x 2080 = 2704 Wh /day

29. Step 3: Individual panel capacity = rated power x sunshine hours = 250 x 6 = 1500 Wh /day Specifications in the panel Rated power of individual panel Sunshine hours of a location here we take Coimbatore x

30. No. of panels = No. panels = 2704/1500 = 1.8 = approx. 2 panels

31. Battery Total Battery Capacity (Ah- ampere hours) The capacity of the battery is expressed in terms of current for a particular voltage =  Total Watt-hours per day used by appliances x Days of autonomy (DA) (0.85 x depth of discharge (DoD) x nominal battery voltage) Thumb rule: the battery voltage must match the panel voltage

32. = (2080 x 3) / (0.85x 0.6x 24) =509.8 Ah

33. No. batteries = total battery capacity(Ah) / individual battery capacity(Ah) =509.8 / 150 =3.4 = approx. 4 batteries

34. Inverter capacity Total watts consumed by the appliances

35. = 860/0.7 = 1228.8 W = 1.2 kW= 1.2 kVA Capacity of the inverter = total watts of the appliances efficiency of the inverter

36. Charge controller capacity

37. Charge controller capacity = No. of modules(N) x short circuit current ( ) x 1.3 =2 x 8.95 x 1.3 =23.27 A So the charge controller must have a capacity of 25-30 A at 24V  

38. Total Wh /day 1.3 ( loss factor ) Panel requirement (A) Load estimation & Sizing of PV Battery calculation