Solid Waste Management - Introduction, Types and Its Properties

Solid Waste Management

1. Solid Waste
Management

5. Types of solid wastesTypical facilities, activities, locations
where wastes are generated
Source
Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather,
yard wastes, wood, glass, metals, ashes, special wastes
(e.g., bulky items, consumer electronics, white goods,
batteries, oil, tires), and household hazardous wastes
Single and multifamily housesResidential
Industrial process waste, scrap materials, etc. Non -
industrial waste including food wastes, construction and
demolition wastes, rubbish, ashes , hazardous wastes,
ashes, special wastes
Light and heavy,
manufacturing, fabrication,
construction sites, power and chemical
plants
Industrial
Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food wastes, glass,
metals, special wastes, hazardous wastes
Stores, hotels, restaurants, markets,
office buildings, etc.
Commercial
Same as commercialSchools, hospitals, prisons, government
centers
Institutional
Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, etc.New construction sites, road repair,
renovation sites, demolition of
buildings, broken pavement
Construction and Demolition
Table 1: Sources and Types of Solid Wastes within a Community (Cont’d)

6. Types of solid wastesTypical facilities, activities, locations
where wastes are generated
Source
Street sweepings; landscape and tree trimmings; general
wastes from parks, beaches, and other recreational
areas; sludge
Street cleaning, landscaping, parks,
beaches, other recreational areas, water
and wastewater treatment plants
Municipal
Services (excluding treatment
facilities)
Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, rubbish,
hazardous waste.
Field and row crops, woods, estates,
dairies, feedlots, farms, etc.
Agricultural
Table 1: Sources and Types of Solid Wastes within a Community (Cont’d)

8. Industrial and hospital waste is considered hazardous as they
may contain toxic substances.
Hazardous wastes could be highly toxic to humans, animals,
and plants. They are
Corrosive
Highly inflammable, or explosive
React when exposed to certain things e.g. gases
HAZARDOUS WASTE

31. EstimatingCarbonContent
TomRichard
Ifyouknowthenitrogencontentforaningredient,butnotthecarboncontentorthe
C/Nratio,youcanestimatethe%Cbasedonthevolatilesolidscontentifthatvalueis
knownorcanbemeasured.
VolatileSolids(VS)arethecomponents(largelycarbon,oxygen,andnitrogen)whichburn
offanalreadydrysampleinalaboratoryfurnaceat500-600°C,leavingonlytheash
(largelycalcium,magnesium,phosporus,potassium,andothermineralelementsthatdo
notoxidize).
Formostbiologicalmaterialsthecarboncontentisbetween45to60percentofthe
volatilesolidsfraction.Assuming55percent(Adamsetal.,1951),theformulais:
% Carbon = (% VS) / 1.8
where % VS = 100 -% Ash