Solubility 6 solubility of liquid in liquid & Raoult's Law

solubility of liquid in liquid, Factors Affecting Liquid Solubility, Raoult’s Law, Application of Raoult’s Law

1. SOLUBILITY –6
SOLUBILITYOFLIQUIDINLIQUID
& RAOULT’SLAW
Presented By:
Mr. S.M. Ambore
Asst. Professor,
DK Patil Institute of Pharmacy, Loha. Nanded

2. LEARNINGOUTCOMES….
Solubility of Liquid
Factors Affecting Liquid
Solubility
Raoult’s Law
Application of Raoult’s Law 2

3. 3
SOLUBILITYOFLIQUID
Thesolubilityofliquidinliquidisverycommon
phenomena.Inourdaytodaylifewecomeacrossnumber
ofexampleslikealcohol-water,juice-carbonatedwateretc.
Onthebasisofproportionofmiscibilityofone
liquidinanother,therethreetypesofliquidsolubility…….
1.Completelymiscibleliquids
2.Partiallymiscibleliquids
3.Immiscibleliquids

4. COMPLETELYMISCIBLELIQUIDS
4
DK Patil Institute of Pharmacy
Inthissystem,liquidsarecompletelymisciblewitheach
otheratanyproportion.
Eg.Alcohol-water,glycerin-alcohol,water-glycerin,benzene-CCl4
etc.

5. COMPLETELYMISCIBLELIQUIDS
5
DK Patil Institute of Pharmacy
Properties:
1.Itisnotstrictlyadditive
2.Mostlyvolumeincreases,sometimesdecreases
3.Heatmaybeabsorbedorevolved
4.ForseparationofliquidsFractionalDistillationisused

6. PARTIALLYMISCIBLELIQUIDS
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DK Patil Institute of Pharmacy
Inthissystem,liquidsaremisciblewitheachother,
buttoapartialextent.
1.Thissystemformstowlayers.
2.Eachlayerisconjugatesolutionsofeachother.
3.Heatmaybeabsorbedorevolved

7. CRITICALSOLUTIONTEMPERATURE
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DK Patil Institute of Pharmacy
Theuppercriticalsolutiontemperature(UCST)orupper
consolutetemperatureisthecriticaltemperatureabovewhichthe
componentsofamixturearemiscibleinallproportions.

8. IMMISCIBLELIQUIDS
8
DK Patil Institute of Pharmacy
Inthissystem,liquidsarenotmisciblewitheachotherat
anyproportion.
1.Thissystemmixaftervigorousshakingbutseparateson
standing.
2.Componentsvarieschemicallyandpolaritywise.
Eg.Castoroil(Organic&Nonpolarwhenmixedwith
water(Inorganic&Polar)

9. 9
FACTORSAFFECTINGLIQUIDSOLUBILITY
1.Temperature
2.Solubilizingagent
3.NatureofGasandSolvent(Polar/Non-polar)
4.Presenceorabsenceofelectrolyte

10. RAOULT’SLAW
10
ItwaspresentedbyFrenchChemistFrancoisMarieRaoultin1887.
ThislawisforBinarysolutions.

11. RAOULT’SLAW
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Totalvaporpressurecanbedeterminedbyusingmole
fractionofanysinglecomponentwiththehelpofRaoult’sLaw.
Vaporpressure(P)ofsolutionisdirectly
proportionaltothemolefractionofSolvent(X
Solvent).
PsolutionαXsolvent

12. RAOULT’SLAW
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PsolutionαXsolvent

13. RAOULT’SLAW
13
P1αx1, P1= P1
0 x1
P2αx2, P2= P2
0 x2
As per Dalton,
Ptotal = P1+ P2
P total = P1
0 x1 + P2
0 x2
As, x1 + X2 = 1. X1= 1 –X2
P total = P1
0
(1-X2)+ P2
0 x2
P total =P1
0
+ (P2
0 _
P1
0
) x2

14. RAOULT’SLAW
14

15. LIMITATIONSOFRAOULT’SLAW
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1.Itsisapplicableonlytoverydilutesolutions.
2.Itisapplicablewhensoluteisnonvolatile.
3.Soluteshouldnotdissociateorassociateinsolution.
4.Itdoesn’tconsiderattractiveforcesinsolution.

16. APPLICATION OF RAOULT’S LAW
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DK Patil Institute of Pharmacy
APPLICATION OF
HENRY’S LAW
BINARY SOLUTION

17. 17
Ambore Sandeep