Solution & Its Types.pptx

For Nursing Students

1. Jeetendra Jha M.Sc.MLT (Biochemistry) Master Training of Trainers ( MToT ) Principal National Institute of Technology Biratnagar-5, Morang Solution & Its Types

2. Definition Solution is defined as mixture of substances which is composed of two parts, solute & solvent. The part which is dissolved is known as solute and which dissolves the solute is known as solvent. The relative concentration in solution is expressed in several ways: Normal solution Molar solution Percent solution

3. Normal Solution Normal solution is defined as the gram equivalent weight of a substances dissolved in 1000 ml of solvent. One gram of equivalent weight of an element or compound represents its capacity to replace or combine 1 mole of hydrogen.

4. Equivalent Weight The equivalent weight of an element is the number of parts of it by weight, which combine with or displace from a compound, 8 parts by weight of oxygen or its equivalent i.e. 1.008 parts by which of hydrogen or 35.5 parts by weight of chlorine. Equivalent Weight of a element = Atomic weight / Valency Equivalent Weight of an acid = Molecular weight of acid / Replaceable hydrogen Equivalent Weight of a base = Molecular weight of base / No. of hydroxyl group Equivalent Weight of a salt =Molecular weight of salt / No. of metal ions or radicals

5. Molar Solution Molar solution is defined as the gram molecular weight of a substances dissolved in 1000 ml of solvent. One gram of molecular weight of an element or compound is calculated by adding together the atomic weight of various atoms in the compound.

6. Percent Solution Percent solution is defined as a part of a solute dissolved in 100 parts of a final solution. The most frequently used in weight per volume (w/v). e.g. 9% saline (9 gram /100 ml). There are 3 ways of expressing % solution: W/W (Weight by Weight) W/V (Weight by Volume) V/V (Volume by Volume)

7. Osmosis Osmosis is defined as the movement of solvent through a semi permeable membrane. The movement of solvent takes place from the lower concentration to a higher concentration solution when it is separated by semi permeable membrane. It is due to osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is defined as the excess pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent the passage of solvent into the solution on separation with semi permeable membrane.

8. Application of Osmosis Blood volume & fluid balance RBC and fragility Transfusion Osmotic dieresis Edema due to hypo- albuminemia Cerebral edema Irrigation of wounds Action of purgatives

9. Diffusion Diffusion is defined as the movement of solute molecule from higher concentration to lower concentration. The smaller particles diffuse faster than the larger molecules hence gas diffuses more rapidly than liquids. Diffusion occurs in gases as well as in colloidal solution.

10. Application of diffusion Gases exchanges in lungs Absorption of nutrients from Gastero Intestinal tracts. Passes of waste products in the renal tubules.

11. Dialysis Dialysis is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood, and is used primarily as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with kidney failure. Dialysis may be used for those with an acute disturbance in kidney function or progressive but chronically worsening kidney function (chronic kidney disease).

12. Thank You

13. Home Work Define Solution? Explain about the expression of concentration of solution? Define Normal solution? Define Molar Solution? Define Percent Solution? Prepare 500 ml Normal & Molar solution of Sulphuric Acid of 5N & 6M concentration. Prepare 500 ml Percent solution of Sulphuric Acid. Define and differentiate Osmosis & Diffusion. Write in short about the dialysis.