Solutions of acids and bases based on chemistry.ppt

Short and Precise Presentation on acids base and solutions

1. Solutions

2. The Classification of MatterCompounds Elements
Substances
Homogenous Heterogenous
Mixtures
Matter

3. Solutions
Solution: a homogenous mixture of two
or more substances in a single phase; a
soluteand a solvent.
•Solute: a substance which is the portion of a
solution that is dissolved.
•Solvent: a substance which is the portion of a
solution that dissolves the solute; determines
the phase of the solution.

4. How does a solvent dissolve
the solute, you might ask?
Thesolventhasenoughenergyto
breakthesurfacetensionorthebonds
ofthesolute.
Rememberthosepeskyintermolecular
forces?!
Thestrongestofallarethemetallic
bondsfollowedbythehydrogen,ion-
dipole,dipole-dipole,andfinallythe
Londondispersionforces.

5. Phases of SolutionsPhase of the
Solute
Phase of the
Solvent
Phase of the
Solution
Example
Solid Solid Solid Metal alloy
Solid Liquid Liquid Kool-aid
Liquid Liquid Liquid Ethanol-water
Gas Liquid Liquid Dr. Pepper
Gas Gas Gas Air

6. Suspensions
Suspension: A mixture whose particles
are evenly dispersed in a gas or a liquid
and which settle out over time.
Examples: sand –water mixture,
cement

7. Colloids
Colloid: amixture whose particles are
smaller than a suspension but larger than
a solution and does not settle; the particles
are suspended in a liquid, gas or solid.
The Tyndall effectis a phenomenon where
a beam of light is reflected off of the
particles and visible to the naked eye.
–Examples: milk, mayonnaise, marshmallow,
fog

8. Separation Anxiety
One difference in mixtures and
compounds is that mixtures can be
separated into it’s parts. Mixtures can
be separated by chromatography, gel
electrophoresis, distillation, mechanical
separation, evaporation, etc. Can you
think of any more?

9. What happens to a
suspension when it is allowed
to stand over a period of
time?
It’s components separate into separate
layers

10. Concentrate on This
Concentration is the measure of the
amount of a particular substance in a
given volume of solution.

11. Concentration CalculationsName Units Application
Molarity M mol solute / L solution Solution concentration
Molality m mol solute / kg solvent Calculations using solids
Normality N Molarity x n Titration calculations
Parts per Million ppm g solute / 1 000 000 g solution
mass solute / mass solution x 10
6
To express very small
concentrations
Percentage by Weight % Mass solute/ mass solution x 100% by weight
Percentage by Vol. % Vol. solute / vol. solution x 100% by volume