12
● अब प्रत्येक tube में एक एक करके cap हटा कर syringe से blood, बिना अधिक pressure डाले, tube में
डालेंगे और cap लगाते जाएंगे I
10. प्रत्येक tube को आहिस्ता से निर्धारित बार invert करके blood को mix करेंगे I
11. सभी tubes के label पर मरीज़ का नाम, उम्र, bed number, blood collection की date/time,
fasting/non fasting और blood collect करने वाले का नाम लिखेंगे I
12. इस्तेमाल किये गये सामान, gauze piece/cotton wool ball सहित, को निस्तारित करेंगे I मरीज़ से
gauze piece/cotton हटाने से पूर्व सुनिश्चित करेंगे कि bleeding बंद हो गई हो I gloves भी उतारकर
निस्तारित करेंगे I
13. मरीज़ को धन्यवाद देंगे I
14. Blood samples को laboratory में जल्दी से जल्दी भेज देंगे I Light-sensitive parameters जैसे vitamin
A, E, B1, B6, B12 और bilirubin आदि के लिए samples को foil से ढक देंगे I
15. अपने हाथों को धो लेंगे I
5.4. Discuss about Universal precautions in diagnostic laboratories. नैदानिक प्रयोगशालाओं में
सर्वभौमिक सावधानियों पर चर्चा करें I
Ans Universal precautions were first designed (by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) in 1985 for workers who work in an environment where they are exposed to blood and
other bodily fluids visibly contaminated with blood such as semen, vaginal secretions, synovial
fluid, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, feces and urine. In 1996,
the CDC expanded the concept and changed the term to "standard precautions", which
integrated and expanded the elements of universal precautions to include contact with all body
fluids (except sweat), regardless of whether blood is present or not. The purpose of these
precautions is to prevent health workers from any possible infection from such body fluids of the
patients. Infection can occur when these agents (infected body fluids) come into contact with
broken skin or contact with mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth. It is important to
consider all biological wastes as infectious. Therefore, these universal precautions/standard
precautions should be followed by all the laboratory workers at all times in the laboratory. These
precautions are as under:
Hand Hygiene -
The hands should be washed -
●Before wearing and after removal of gloves.
●Before & after patient contact
●Upon contact or when there's visible contamination with blood or other potentially
infectious material.
●Upon completion of required tasks and before leaving the laboratory.
The hands should be washed thoroughly using soap and water and dried with a clean,
disposable paper towel or using an automatic hand dryer.
When soap and water are not available then an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at
least 60% (preferably 70%) alcohol is used (hands rubbed until dry).
Use of protective barriers - Protective barriers reduce the risk of exposure of the health-care
worker's skin or mucous membranes to potentially infectious materials. Personal protective
equipment (PPE) includes protective clothing, gloves, face shields, goggles, facemasks and/or
respirators or other equipment designed to protect the wearer from injury, spread of infection or
illness, hazardous chemicals and radioactive substances.