Solvents and Types of Solvents

Helpful for understanding solvents, types of solvents, aprotic solvents...Helpful for chemistry and pharmacy students...

2. Solvenks

They have a low dielechne Constant, donot react ui, —

jonisakı

“The Fact nak piceic acid gf A Colouale kon ta

Anlutıne , chic becomes yellow on adding aniline show

oak picaic acid is not dissociated in toluene. Schuhe

Tk also Shows that in tne presence of the hase aniline I _

on
ON Nr
=
No LE
ondissociabed
\ Picrake lon
Gates)
| cence dissociation 15 wok an essential prelimioday to
sneuteral' sat
‘ionising!

_ product and So Shanpen Mas end pots —_—_—_ ——

oo

3. | 2) Protephilic Solvents-

Are baste in character and Teack van aatds 4o from
Solvated protons.

HO + Sol. == sad y ge

acıd basic Sol vale. Conjugate base
Solvent Proton of acid

— A weakly baste solvent has less tendency than a Strongly
baste One to accept a proton. Similarly, a weak acid has

less tendency to dorate protons than a Strong acid:

— AS a result, a Strong actd, Such as Perchiomie acid, ote
More Strongly acidic Properties than a Weak acid, Such ds
acetic actd, when dissolved tn a weakly baste Solvent.

— On Ane Ofer hand, all acids tend to become Mdtstingulshable
ta Strength when dissolved in strongly basic Solvents
Owing tothe greater afAniby oF Strong bases for Protons

This Is called ne levelling effect.

—Skrong bases are Jevelling Solvents for acids 5 coeak bases
are dtfterentahng Solvents for acids,

3) Protegente Solvents—
- Are acidic Substances | For example Sul phurie aon.

| = They exert a levelling effect on bases.

4) Arnphi protic Solvents —

—Heve bon protophilic and Protogente properkes.
Examples ave water, decke acd, and the alconels,
“They are dissociated Io a slight extents

~The dissociation Of aceke acid, Which 15 Frequently used asa
Solvent for titration of haste Substance , is Shown tn the
equation below:

gd sr

4. Hao == HF 4 009
Cha Coon +4® ®

Ma Cool,

Lou to,

= Since Mer emy coo ton aceadily danatts tes proton dna —

bass, a Solukon of peachienic acid ta glacial acehe aed
functions as a Strorgiy incidie Soluk

Lies à me Se Suela as pyaidine 1s diss

sacd, te acche and exeots ibs levelling effect and enhancer

ae haste panperkes OF Me pyridine, Te to possible, Hnerefore,

An kate a Solukoo of a coeak hase in acekte acid mitin —
peachioie acide on doeke acıd cmd obtain a sharp end point

wohnen attempts to carry out the tibraton in aquequs
lukon are uns ssl

Helo, + CHaCOOH == ChacooH + Co

CHSN + Cha COOH ==> CHEN + cuco

CHacoohz + CHsCoo? == 2 CHCooH

Aalen HO + Cas == CHENE + C4

each