Sonochemistry seminar

I hope this presentation extremely helpful to know about sono chemistry, its Application and advantages with future scope .

1. Sonochemistry Name – Pritikanta M ishra Roll No. - 20pgch005 Branch - M.Sc . Chemistry

2. cONTENT sonochemistry How reaction occurs by application of sound ? Sonoluminescence Sonochemical Methods Sonochemical reaction Sonoelectrochemistry Applications of Sonochemistry Advantages of Sonochemistry Future scope

3. What is sonochemistry S onochemistry is a branch of chemistry which deal with effects of ultrasound on chemical activity of a reaction mixture . U ltrasound typically in the range of 20-40 khz is used in sonochemical synthesis . T he chemical effects caused by ultrasound are mainly because of the cavitation effects . the processes involved in acoustic cavitation are : Nucleation. Bubble growth. Implosion .

4. How reaction occurs by application of sound? W hen ultrasound applied to solution they give arises to acoustic cavitation (the formation of implosive bubbles in a liquid .) T hey collapse each other there by resulting in the massive energy inside the bubble, here extremely high temperatures (around 5000 k) and pressures (1000 atm ) in a microscopic region of the liquid . T he high temperatures and pressures result in the chemical excitation of any matter within or very near the bubble as it rapidly implodes .

5. A broad variety of outcomes can result from acoustic cavitation including sonoluminescence .

6. sonoluminescence The emission of light by various liquids when traversed by high-frequency sound or ultrasonic waves of suitable intensity. Sonoluminescence can occur when a sound wave of sufficient intensity induces a gaseous cavity within a liquid to collapse quickly

7. Sonochemical Methods T he sonochemical principles are used in :   H igh I ntensity F ocused U ltrasound (HIFU) A non-invasive, continuous technique which works on lower frequency and makes use of the cavitation phenomena to ablate the unwanted tissues/tumours in the body   A coustic cavitation (probe sonicator and bath sonicator ). I n short it refers to nucleation, growth and collapse of bubble under acoustic waves developing local temp. and high pressure . I t is carried out either by using a probe type ultrasonic homogenizer or an ultrasonic bath . T he desired effects from the ultra-sonication of liquids – including homogenization, dispersing, de agglomeration, milling, emulsification, extraction, lysis , disintegration .

8. Ultrasonic Homogenizer

9. Sonochemical reaction S onochemical synthesis is the process which utilizes the principles of sonochemistry to make molecules undergo a chemical reaction with the application of powerful ultrasound radiation T here are three classes of sonochemical reaction Homogeneous reaction following radical mechanism H eterogeneous reaction following ionic mechanism H eterogeneous reaction following both radical and ionic mechanism

10. Sonoelectrochemistry S onoelectrochemistry is the study of the effects and applications of ultrasonic waves on electrochemical processes. T he integration of ultrasound and electrochemistry offers many advantages: fast reaction rates, enhanced surface activation, and increased mass transport at an electrode. S onoelectrochemical techniques generally used for the synthesis of energy related materials ( e.g., fuel cell electrocatalysts and materials for hydrogen production) and for the degradation of various organic compounds/pollutants.

11. Applications of Sonochemistry S onochemistry has been used for synthesis of composites for energy storage applications like: U ltrasound assisted synthesis has been used for preparation fuel cell and electrodes. R ecent stretchable super capacitors possessing excellent electrical and mechanical qualities. S onoporation : enhancement in permeation due to acoustic cavitation and thus used for modifying the permeability of cell plasma membrane. S onolysis : application in purifying water because of formation of reactive species when ultrasound reacts with water. P rimary, binary, ternary nano composites which gave good specific capacitance, power density, energy density and cyclic stability applicable for electrode material in super capacitors.

12. ULTRASONIC CLEANING PROCESS

13. Advantages of Sonochemistry U ltrasound assisted synthesis aids in preparation of uniformly distributed and uniformly sized nanocomposites in short time and utilizing less energy. H igh reaction rates can be achieved using sonochemistry , resulting in time efficient synthesis. E nhanced properties were observed in the field of kinetics, selectivity, extraction, dissolution, filtration, crystallinity . I t is environment friendly.

14. Future scope With the increasing technological advancement, the cost of sonicator /ultrasound equipment has significantly come down. as a result, extensive research can been carried out. Biomaterials, catalysis, drug delivery and nanomaterial synthesis is trending research topic now. Recently, ultrasound irradiation were used for biodiesel production from castor seeds. Experimenting the synthesis of thermal-sensitive droplets for ultrasound imaging and drug delivery. At current pace, ultrasound is going to open new avenues of research and applications.

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