Source Sustainability_20-09-2025_SG.pptx

Source ( Drinking water)sustainability

1. WATER BUDGET, GROUND WATER AUDIT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF GROUND WATER SOURCES JAL JEEVAN MISSION SURESH G , DISTRICT GROUND WATER OFFICER, BAPATLA

2. Jal Jeevan Mission Aims To improve the “ EASE of LIVING ” of rural population To provide a F unctional H ousehold T ap Connection (FHTC) to every rural household Providing D rinking W ater of prescribed Q uality (BIS 10500 water quality standards), in A dequate Q uantity (55 lpcd ) , on long-term and regular basis in all seasons GPs/ rural communities to plan, implement, manage, own, operate and maintain their own in-village water supply systems Har Ghar Jal Reported States/ UTs?  and Har Ghar Jal Certified States/ UTs?

3. 'Reported' means water supply department of State/ UT has confirmed that water is being supplied through taps to all households, schools and Anganwadi Centers in that administrative unit . Certified' means that the Gram Sabha has passed the resolution after ascertaining the claim of water supply department that all the households, schools and Anganwadi Centers are getting the tap water supply in village. This is carried out after the water supply department provided the certificate to Gram Panchayat declaring that all households are provided with tap water supply.

4. WHAT IS WATER BUDGET? WHAT IS WATER AUDIT?? DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE WATER BUDGET AND WATER AUDIT? WHAT IS SOURCE SUSTAINABILITY? NECESSITY OF THE ABOVE? Role of Ground Water & Water Audit Department.

5. The inspiration… One-third of humanity will be under acute drinking water scarcity

6. Water Crisis in India

7. Water Budget

8. DISTRIBUTION OF EARTH’S WATER

9. Water Budget It is a tool to quantify the inflows , outflows , and change in storage in a specified area The basic Water Budget equation is Inflow – Outflow = Change in Storage (P + SW in + Gw in ) – (ET + SW out + GW out ) = ∆S Where, P – Rainfall SW in – Surface water Inflow GW in – Groundwater Inflow ET – Evapotranspiration SW out – Surface water Outflow GW out – Groundwater Outflow ∆S – Change in Storage Water Budget is helpful in the Management of water resources in a given region for drinking water, irrigation, industrial purpose, flood mitigation, abating climate change impacts , etc. WATER BUDGET

10. Steps involved in Water Budget Step 1: Compute Water Availability – Inflow Step 2: Compute Water Utilization – Outflow Step 3: Compute Water Balance/Budget – Change in Storage Step 4: Allocate Water for Domestic & Drinking water w.r.t 2050 Step 5: Compute Availability for Future Irrigation Use Step 6: Assess the sector-wise water demands w.r.t. - 2050

11. Data requirements for a Village Water Budget Village Basic Information, including human population and livestock Water Resources Map Rainfall ET Runoff coefficients Soil Moisture Groundwater Levels Tanks/Reservoirs details Canal details Wells details Agriculture Land details Horticulture Land details Industrial demand details Commercial establishments details Water Conservation and Artificial Recharge Structures details

12. Village Water Budget - Donkada in Ha-m 1.Total Rainwater 850.50 2.Evapotraspiration 348.70 3.Soil Moisture 85.10 4.Surface Runoff 346.30 5.Surface Storage 17.10 6.Balance in Surface Runoff 329.20 7.Storage in Runoff ( % ) 4.90 8.Ground Water 70.40 9.Ground Water Recharge from other sources 18.50 10.Sub-Surface Runoff 8.90 11.Net Ground Water Resource 80.00 12.Present Ground Water Use 28.70 13.Ground Water Utilization (%) 35.80 Balance Ground Water Resource 51.40 Action Plan for achvieng 3-8 M Average Ground Water Level May 9.83 M bgl Nov 4.96 M bgl Average Fluctuation 4.87 M Rise required to reach Target Water Table of 3.00 M bgl during Nov 1.96 M Recharge through Monsoon Water table fluctuation (Area in Ha*WTF* Sy ) 92.04 Ha-M Volume of Recharge required to rise the water table to 3.00 M (Area in Ha*WTF* Sy ) 37.04 Ha-m

13. What is Water Audit ?

14. Why Water Audit? NITI Aayog report says by 2030 India will face severe water scarcity WATER RESOURCES SCENARIO Andhra Pradesh is one of the predominant agriculture based state in India and about 80% water is used for agriculture The future availability likely reduce to 70%. Therefore considered as a thrust area for water conservation Growing population, rising needs being a fast developing nation, impact of climate change, deepening water conflicts among user groups etc. That’s why we need Water Audit

15. Benefits of Water Audit

16. WATER AUDIT REPORT

17. ProposeD Water Audit Format for RWS Dept GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH WATER AUDIT FOR THE WATER YEAR 2020-21: Assessment WY: 2021-22 Drinking Water Return for Rural Water Supply at Habitation Level I.Name and Address of the AEE, RWS&S Dept. 1 Name of the Asst, Executive Engineer   2 email Id   3 Mobile Number   II.Loaction details 1 Name of the Habitation   2 Gram Panchayat   3 Mandal   4 District   5 Total Population / LPCD   6 Total Live Stock / LPCD   III. Details of Source Water 1 Surface Water Sources: Number / No. of fillings / total capacity   2 Groundwater Sources: Number / No. of fillings / total capacity   V. Details of Water usage: 1 Actual quantity required   2 Actual water supplied   3 Losses     For Rural Water Supply: Actual Supply Utilization Losses   Original Source to Treatment plant         Treatment plant to Habitation         With in the Habitation, from OHSR/ GLSR to destination       4 Efficiency of the Supply (Utilization/Actual Supply)*100 5 Efficiency of meeting required LPCD (Utilization in L/Population)

18. PRESENT WATER RESOURCES SCENARIO Status on Average Annual Water Availability Precipitation received 4000 BCM (100%) Water Resources Potential 1869 BCM (46.7%) Utilizable Water Resources 1123 BCM (28.1%) Ground Water 433 BCM (10.8%) Surface Water 690 BCM (17.2%) (Figures in parentheses are per cent of total precipitation)

19. Sustainability Challenges Wide spatial and temporal variation of rainfall in the country Increasing population leading to falling per capita water availability Water Stress Index Increased food demand Impact of climate change

20. Source Sustainability - JJM The maintenance of the desired quantity and acceptable quality standard of water supply services throughout the design life of the water supply systems may be defined as “ Sustainability” The sustainability is concerning Source – Quantity and Quality System – Infrastructures Factors affecting the sustainability of water sources The depletion or lowering of water levels in groundwater and surface water sources Change/degradation of water quality due to overdrawal or contamination by domestic/industrial wastes/wastewater The Key considerations of sustainability activities Shift focus from dependence on a single source to multiple sources of drinking water ex. Conjunctive use Reject management issues to be addressed properly so that the contaminants do not re-enter into water, environment or food. Water demand and budgeting for ensuring household-level drinking water security

21. The tentative steps involved in achieving source sustainability Collection of basic information and geotagging the asset Assessing the Demand & Supply Assessing the Monsoon Runoff Risk Assessment of the village/source Drinking water source sustainability measures Source protection Groundwater Monitoring Technical support & Financial Support Steps towards Source Sustainability

22. Step 1. Basic Information S.No Location   Details 1 Name of habitation:   2 Gram- panchayat :   3 Mandal:   4 District:   5 Latitude:   Longitude:   6 Population:   7 Aquifer Type: Soft Rock/ Hard Rock 8 Type of Well: Dug Well / Filter Point Well / Tube Well /Bore Well 9 Sustainability throughout the year: Sustainable/ Not Sustainable 10 Average pumping hours/day   11 Water Quality Issue if any. SALINE FLUORIDE IRON NITRATE ARSENIC

23. Step 2. Demand and Supply Assessment Demand Assessment Population Per capita water supply ( 55 LPCD) Nos of days Annual Demand (cubic metre/year) 1 2 3 4=(1X2X3)/1000 = (a) Supply Assessment Scheme Discharge (Cubic m/hr) No of Running Hours/ day Annual Extraction (cubic metre/year) 1 2 3 4=2X3X365 = (b) Source 1 Source 2 Total Losses [15% of b] = c Total Supply [b – c] = d Gap Assessment [a – d]

24. Land use Runoff Co - e f f i c i e n t (Fraction) Area (Sq m) Rainfall (m) Runoff (Cubic metre) 1 2 3 4 5=2X3X4 Agriculture 0.20 Habitation 0.50 Others 0.15 Total Step 3. Assessment of Monsoon Runoff Source: CPWD RWH Manual - 2002

25. Step 4. Risk Assessment of Source/Villages Parameter Safe At Risk High Risk Normal Annual Rainfall (mm) > 750 <750 but >500 <500 Tube / Bore well Discharge ( lps ) > 3 1 to 3 < 1 Whether Discharge is available throughout the year Yes No No Gap between Demand and Supply No gap Some Gap > 50% Gap Slope <20% <20% >20% Depth to Water Level (m bgl) <10 10 - 4 > 40 Quality Iron ( ppm ) < 1 > 1 > 1 Fluoride ( ppm ) < 1.5 > 1.5 > 1.5 Arsenic (ppb) < 10 > 10 > 10 Salinity (TDS) < 500 500- 2000 >2000

26. Step 5: Drinking Water Source Sustainability Measures Runoff water available for recharge Local aquifer characteristics, yield potential and slope Post monsoon WL < 5m Post monsoon WL > 5m & Go for WCS Aquifer yields <2 lps Post monsoon WL > 5m Aquifer yields >=2 lps Go for Recharge Wethered layer > 3m Nearby stream in the Check Dam/ upstream side Gabion/ Gully Plug If Slope is <20% If Clay layer at < 5m depth Thin Clay layer PT with RS Thick Clay layer Trench with RW RTRWH of Defunct TW/BW Otherwise Percolation tank If Slope is >20% Contour Bund & Contour Trench

27. Subsurface Dyke at Yetigyrampeta , Narsipatnam Mandal, Anakapalli District

28. Precautions to be taken for maintenance Recharge structures should be fitted with properly designed filter media to avoid contamination of aquifer Maintenance/ rejuvenation of existing structures like desilting water bodies, clearing the inlet channels of encroachments/ jungle clearance, strengthening of bunds, repairs to regulatory control assets, etc may be taken up Protective fencing around the pumping well and plantation of shrubs and small trees in the 50 m radius Other Measures District authorities should ensure regular risk assessment of villages To stop wastage of precious groundwater sources, filling up of farm ponds/ tanks by pumping groundwater should be discouraged Water bodies should be kept clean and dumping of garbage in water bodies should be prohibit ed

29. Step 6. Source Protection Within of 50m radius of Tube well/ Bore well o No Land fill site o No disposal of toxic /polluting substance o No direct infiltration of wastewater/ greywater o Afforestation of area o No soak pit/ magic pit Sinking of additional Tube well/ Bore well within a radius of 250m of existing Ground Water scheme is strictly prohibited as per APWALTA 2002.

30. Step 7. GW Monitoring Monthly monitoring of water level from at least one bore/ tube well Pre and Post monsoon Water quality monitoring for chemical and biological parameters Maintain daily Pumping Hours record Monitor tube well/ bore well extracting groundwater within 500m radius of drinking water source

31. Step 8. Technical & Financial Support Technical support can be obtained from G o v e r n m e n ts NGOs, Civil Societies Colleges with Geology Departments Engineering colleges Retired Officers from RWS&S PHED Groundwater Department Geology Department Well planned financial planning is a must Further, Water Audit should be performed to arrest leakages and pilferage

32. VILLAGE WATER INFORMATION BASIN VSP_F_16_C_TANDAVA-1_NAKKAPALLI ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCY PAYAKARAOPETA HABITATION CODE 0303636016011500 POPULATION 3313 VILLAGE EXTENT IN Ha 630 TOTAL AGRICULTURE LAND IN Ha 506.48 WET IN Ha 109.31 DRY IN Ha 397.17 TOTAL HORTICULTURE LAND IN Ha 294 NORMAL RAINFALL IN mm 1350 DEPTH TO GROUND WATER TABLE IN NEAREST PIEZOMETER May - 9.83 Nov - 4.96 NO OF MI TANKS 3 WATER SPREAD AREA OF MI TANKS in Ha 5.77 STORAGE CAPACITY OF MI TANKS IN Mcft 6.04 TOTAL AYACUT UNDER MI TANKS in Ha 20.79 DRINKING WATER SCHEMES 2 HAND PUMPS 15

33. Village Water Resources Map

34.   Andhra Pradesh Water, Land and Trees Act, 2002 , AP WALTA

35. CONSTITUTION OF APWALT AUTHORITY 1.Ex-Officio Chairperson – Minister Panchayat raj, RD and RWS 2. Ex-Officio Members – MLAs Nominated by Govt. out of three one should be from Opposition 3. Vice Chairperson -- Chief Secretary 4. Ex-Officio Members – Secretaries of 1. Agriculture, 2. I & CAD, 3.Muncipal Administration, 4. RWS , 5. Environment, Science & Tech 6. Panchayat raj, .7. Vice Chancellor 5 . Members --- Professors 3 nos , Experts in the Field 3 Nos Any Other 5 persons appointed by Govt 6 . Ex Officio Member Secretary — Secretary to the Government In-charge of Rural Development SHOULD MEET AT LEAST ONCE IN 3 MONTHS

36. Sources of Information available Hydro-geomorphological Maps prepared under RGDWNM are available with RWS&S gwm65d14.pdf Map-1 Village-level Water resources maps with APSAC Sustainability Manual by Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Govt. of India Rain Water Harvesting Conservation Manual 2019, CPWD Water Resources information from INDIA-WRIS Portal https://indiawris.gov.in/wris Water Resources information from APWRIMS Portal https://apwrims.ap.gov.in/ Village-level Groundwater Resource Assessment from INGRES Portal https://ingres.iith.ac.in/home Departments to be involved RWS&S DWMA Ground Water & Water Audit Dept Water Resources Dept

37. Thank you