Sources of organic Compounds/Coal/CNG.pptx

This power point contains material about sources of organic compounds. Coal,formation,carbonization

1. SOURCES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

2. SOURCES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Natural Sources Artificial Sources In laboratory Plants and Animals C oal Petroleum Natural Gas Fossil Fuels Fossils: Remains of plants and animals buried under earth crust

3. Fossil Fuels are formed, over long period of time, from the decay of plants and animals . These include petroleum, coal and natural gas which are main sources of organic compounds .

4. SOURCES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Fossil Fuels are formed, over long period of time, from the decay of plants and animals. These include petroleum, coal and natural gas which are main sources of organic compounds .

5. (1) Coal Coal is a mineral deposit containing combustible substances and is a solid fossil fuel. (Or) A black or brownish black hard rock which can be burnt as a solid fossil fuel.

6. It is believed that coal in nature was formed from the remains of the trees buried inside the earth crust some 500 millions years ago . Due to the bacterial and chemical reactions on wood it got converted into peat. Then , as a result of high temperature and high pressure inside the earth crust, peat got transformed into coal. Formation of Coal: Q. How coal is produced from remains of trees? (LHR 2019 GII)

7. Light brown soft coal (Lignite) Peat

8. Following are some uses of coal: ( i ) About 80% of coal is used to bake bricks in lime kilns. (ii) Some quantity is used for domestic purposes. Uses of Coal:

9. Coal in Pakistan Coal is an important solid fuel and becomes a source of organic compounds when subjected to carbonization or destructive distillation . The total coal resources of Pakistan are estimated by the geological survey of Pakistan to be 184 billion tonnes .

10. Carbonization( Destructive Distillation of Coal) " When coal is heated in the absence of air, at high temperature (500−1000∘C)  it is converted into coke , coal gas and coal tar ". Coke is a good reducing agent. Coal tar contains a large number of aromatic organic compounds, which separate out on fractional distillation . e.g. Benzene, Anthracene etc. Coal gas contains CH 4 ,H 2  and CO . Q. Define the term carbonization. Indicate three fractions obtained by the carbonization of coal. (FSD 2019)

11. Development of Coal in Pakistan: Conscious efforts are being made by the government to induct coal into industry by setting up coal based power units . The Sindh Coal Authority and the directorates of Mineral Developments of the Punjab , Baluchistan and KPK are all keen to expand coal utilization in power generation for which many incentives have been made available.