Spanish garden

ENVIRONMENT ,SOCIAL HISTORY , PHILOSOPHY :EXPRESSION :ARCHITECTURE LANDSCAPE Traditionally, the paradise garden is interpreted
with a central cross axis, in the four cardinal
directions, with long ponds or water channels
where water reflects and flows, set in a walled
courtyard. The quadrants often had fruit trees
and fragrant plants.
lantings along paths or walkways are arranged with smaller plants in front and taller plants in the rear. Plants used vary widely, but fruit trees and flowering and fragrant plants are favorites. Herbs such as lavender and rosemary are found in almost every Spanish garden
Spanish architecture
Madrid’s Retiro Park
Its name refers to its function under Philip II’s rule – it was a place from which to escape from the rigours of the court life.

1. SPANISH GARDEN STYLE…

2. ENVIRONMENT Based on climate : There are three different  climate  zones in  Spain , due to its large size. The   Mediterranean climate  is characterized by dry and warm/hot summers and cool to mild and wet winters. The   oceanic climate   is located in the northern part of the country, especially in the regions of  Basque Country ,  Asturias ,  Cantabria , and  Navarre . This region has regular snowfall in the winter months. The   semiarid  climate is predominant in the south eastern part of the country and in the middle reaches of the  Ebro  valley to the north east, reaching as far west as southern Navarre. 

3. Most of the topography of Spain consists of flat plains that are surrounded by rugged, undeveloped hills. The northern part of the country, however, is dominated by the Pyrenees Mountains . based on topography: Based on geology: Geologically, Spain can be divided in terms of bedrock. A siliceous Spain seated on hard and therefore durable crystalline rocks (granites, schist and gneiss) forming acid soils and poor in carbonates - the North and the West of the Peninsula. A limestone Spain based on sedimentary rocks - the heavily weathered Mesesta. Spain was influenced by M uslim world even after expulsion of Moors , specifically in Seville. .

4. SOCIAL HISTORY : Charles V Spain : become powerful ruler of that time in Europe Spanish monarchy was in grief in chaotic Germany, failed against England and lost Netherlands to make itself republic in 1609. Catholic monarchs during renaissance, Spanish Gothic and Spanish Boroque . PHILOSPHY : 1. Catholic and protestant were in theological combat , alloying the lay monarch to shake themselves free from the power of the church . 2. Descartes , Spinoza , Leibnitz were the founder of modern philosophy. 3. Philosophic liberalism grew up mainly in England which become a heaven of philosophic revolutionaries. 4. Principles were embodied in work of John Locke , profoundly influenced thought in England and subsequently found the basis of American constitution

5. EXPRESSION : Ideas were emanating from Italy percolated to all parts of Europe . These ideas were superficial , fashionable but eagerly sought , express dignity of man . Arts - compromised Designers were not able to experience the philosophic torments that had created the Renaissance and Baroque in Italy . Special great houses were influenced by fashion but smaller houses were designed harmoniously within the local landscape. ARCHITECTURE : 1. Most exotic style was the Manueline in Portugal , followed by indigenous styles in Spain and Germany . New republic of Holland there appeared the first broad urban landscape took place – Were lined with tightly packed well proportioned brick houses which never repeated in design Garden were walled extension of house , rich in flowers and often with a look out Silhouette of dutch cities was punctuated by tall church and land was so small , flat and unobstructed that one complex was visible from another .

6. LANDSCAPE : Outside Italy and France the first preoccupation of landscape designers was to develop the garden from the medieval internal court into an external extension of the building . Castles - outward view climbing a garden mount Gardens - ideas was repeated by terrace gardens latter disappeared when gardens grew in size and boundary wall receded Space design - French influence in space design was established but without the mastery of geometry that was unique to Le Notre. Given look to green grass , fountain luxuriant trees , soft undulation of land which never ends and vibrant colors .

7. SPANISH GARDEN LAYOUT : Traditionally, the paradise garden is interpreted with a central cross axis, in the four cardinal directions, with long ponds or water channels where water reflects and flows, set in a walled courtyard. The quadrants often had fruit trees and fragrant plants. Thus , characteristic sensory experiences are refreshing coolness, humidity, sounds, greenery, and fragrance. This type of garden is compatible with the Spanish climate of sun and heat JARDÍN DEL  Generalife, Granada

8.   The Spanish combined the powerful elements of their influences and perfected the principle of separating spaces or rooms within the garden layout . Walled sections create intimate patio areas, courtyards house impressive fountains and terraces offering views into the landscape are all incorporated into the Spanish garden style. Jardín del Alcázar, Sevilla

9. ELEMENTS : Tiered spanish fountain Moorish lanterns

10. Carved cantera form Urns ELEMENTS

11. Slump block Saltillo tiles ELEMENTS

12. Cantera stone Plaster ELEMENTS

13. Plantings along paths or walkways are arranged with smaller plants in front and taller plants in the rear. Plants used vary widely, but fruit trees and flowering and fragrant plants are favorites. Herbs such as lavender and rosemary are found in almost every Spanish garden PLANTS:- Citrus, pomegranate, olive, cypress and other Mediterranean trees are also popular . Thus, characteristic sensory experiences are refreshing coolness, humidity, sounds, greenery, and fragrance — creating a garden paradise that is compatible with the Spanish climate of sun and heat .

14. PLANTS IN SPANISH GARDEN 1. Succulents and Cacti . Cycas Osteopermum Yucca

15. Hibiscus Hypercium PLANTS IN SPANISH GARDEN lavender Kalanchoe

16. Common element within a Spanish garden : COURTYARDS  - are designed down to the smallest detail. The architecture surrounding the courtyard reflects the architecture of the home with Spanish archways and mosaic accents. These courtyards always include a water feature or reflection pool TERRACES  - are located throughout the design, often providing overviews of the gardens below. Seating areas and potted plants should be incorporated into these areas as well .

17. FOUNTAIN - and the use of water are extremely important in the Spanish design. Getting their influence from Islamic gardens, the Spanish design differs by consisting of multiple small fountains throughout rather than one large fountain in the centre of each outdoor room or courtyard. REFLECTING POOLS   - are also from the Islamic gardens, where they are often the focal point to major entryways and courtyards. Reflecting pools are designed amongst geometric shaped, symmetrical planting beds .

18. SYMMETRY  - is one of the main elements of the original Spanish garden. Although you may find they are changing, their design should have some symmetrical areas to hold the authenticity of the true Spanish garden .

19. SPANISH ARCHITECTURE Curves and arches from pre- Romansque architecture which prevailed in Spain. White stucco exterior and walls. Painted tiles Terracotta roof tiles - The red clay roof top give the homes a warm, earthy, rustic look.

20. Ornamental iron work .  Finely crafted wrought iron work graces stair railings, gates, window grilles and lanterns.  Tower-like chimneys . Balconies to enjoy the fresh air and views. Courtyards The mild climate of the Mediterranean encouraged outdoor living. r Spanish architecture

21. Arcades Pergolas trellising Garden pavilions. Refreshing coolness, Humidity, sounds, Greenery, and fragrance Ceramic elements and tiles pottery. SPANISH LANDSCAPE Jardín de la Alcazaba, Málaga Jardín del Alcázar , Córdoba Jardín del Alcázar, Jerez

22. Madrid’s Retiro Park It’s a wonderful centrally–located 125-hectare park. Its name refers to its function under Philip II’s rule – it was a place from which to escape from the rigours of the court life . Madrid’s oldest tree – the 400 year-old taxodium which is often referred to as a cypress. There is a famous statue called the Fallen Angel, done by the sculptor Ricardo Bellvery Ramon in 1885. Fallen angel statue El retro park

23. Here is also the Palace of Velazquez that was used to house the Exhibition of Mining in 1883. The style of the palace is Mudejar, with brick facing and plenty of decorative ceramic tile everywhere . There is a Rose Garden that has many showy roses during spring One of the features of the park is the large artificial lake (El Estanque del Retiro) that is located by the monument to Alfonso XII. This little lake is used for sailing and rowing by visitors to the park . EL Estanque del Retrio T he Rosaleda rose garden in Retiro Park

24. There is a walkway that is known as the Paseo de las Estatuas (Statue Walk), whose official name is the Paseo de la Argentina. It has many statues of the kings and these were done between 1750 and 1753 There’s so much to see: from the beautiful architecture, to the fun of the row boats on the pond. The Glass Palace, a romantic pavilion created to house a collection of exotic plants for the Philippine Exhibition of 1887, is one of the main examples of cast-iron architecture in Spain. This park is gorgeous and is a very enjoyable place to visit and see beautiful gardens and enjoy nature . Pase o de las Estatuas Glass palace