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1. Living organisms Kingdom Monera Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Recall! Five Kingdom Classification

2. Kingdom Animalia

3. Kingdom Animalia An animal has the following features Eukaryotic: Cell with well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelle Lack a cell wall Multicellular: Made up of more than one cell Heterotrophic: Holozoic or parasitic Exhibits sexual reproduction

4. Classification of Animals

5. Classificatiofi of Afiimals Classification of animals is important as the diversity of animals is huge Helps in assigning a systematic position to newly discovered species Basis of classification Levels of organisation Symmetry Germ layer organisation Coelom Notochord Segmentation

6. Levels of Orgafiisatiofi Tissue Cell Different multicellular animals have different levels of organisation Organ system Organ

7. Symmetry Symmetry Radial Bilateral Symmetry refers to a correspondence of body parts, in size, shape and relative position, on opposite sides of a dividing line or distributed around a central point or axis Asymmetrical

8. Germ Layer Orgafiisatiofi Layer of cells in an embryo Contributes to the formation of all organs and tissues Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm

9. Germ Layer Orgafiisatiofi Diploblastic Germ Layer Organisation Triploblastic External ectoderm Internal endoderm eg- Hydra Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm eg- Homo sapiens

10. Coelom Acoelomate Cavity between the alimentary canal and body wall Lined by the mesoderm on all sides Present only in triploblastic animals Pseudocoelomate Eucoelomate

11. Segmefitatiofi Body is divided into segments with a serial repetition of some organs E.g: Excretory organs (nephridia) are repeated serially in the segments Earthworm shows metameric segmentation Metameric segmentation in Earthworm

12. Notochord Hollow dorsal nerve cord Pharyngeal pouches Notochord Postanal tail Derived from the mesoderm Rod-like structure on the posterior side of the embryo Found during embryonic development

13. Notochord Animals are classified based on the presence or absence of notochord Chordates Non-chordates Animals with notochord Notochord Animals without notochord

14. Classificatiofi of Afiimals Kingdom Level of organisation Symmetry Body cavity or coelom Phylum Cellular level Tissue/ Organ/ Organ system Porifera Radial Bilateral Acoelomates Coelomates Pseudocoelomates Platyhelminthes Aschelminthes Annelida Arthropoda Mollusca Hemichordata Chordata Animalia (multicellular) Coelenterata Ctenophora Echinodermata(Coelomate)

15. Phylum Porifera

16. Phylum Porifera Sedentary and asymmetrical Cellular level of organisation Presence of choanocytes Water canal system - to feed, respire and remove waste Presence of spicules and spongin fibres to support and protect itself Hermaphrodites

17. Phylum Porifera Spicules Osculum Choanocyte Ostium Porocyte Spongocoel

18. Phylum Porifera Parts spitted and thrown off the parental body Development of the new individual Larva Sperm cells Egg cell Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Fertilisation (Internal)

19. Phylum Coelenterata

20. Phylum Coelefiterata Aquatic: Mostly marine Sessile or free swimming Radially symmetrical Tissue level of organisation Diploblastic organisation Brain coral Radial symmetry (Hydra) Diploblastic Mesoglea External Ectoderm Internal Endoderm

21. Phylum Coelefiterata In Cnidaria, the tentacles are Armed with specialised cells called cnidoblasts which contain hypnotoxin Functions- a) Defence b) Capture prey Tentacle Trigger Cytoplasm Nematocyst capsule Hypnotoxin Nucleus

22. Phylum Coelefiterata Polyp Body forms Medusa Sessile, cylindrical forms Eg- Hydra, Adamsia , Corals Umbrella-shaped and free swimming Eg- Jellyfish, Aurelia

23. Phylum Ctenophora

24. Phylum Ctefiophora Exclusively marine, also known as sea walnuts or comb jellies Radially symmetrical Diploblastic Reproduction occurs only by sexual means Bioluminescence : Property of a living organism to emit light Pleurobrachia Ctenoplana

25. Phylum Ctefiophora 8 external rows of ciliated comb plates Ciliated comb plates used for locomotion Hence, they are also called comb jellies Pharynx Mouth Retractile tentacle Anal canal Ciliary comb plate Pleurobrachia

26. Phylum Platyhelminthes

27. Phylum Platyhelmifithes Mostly endoparasites , only a few are free living Bilaterally symmetrical Exhibit organ level of organisation Triploblastic Acoelomates Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm Acoelomate

28. Phylum Platyhelmifithes Hooks aid the organism to attach to the organs in the host Suckers absorbs nutrients from the host intestine/tissues Flame cell is a specialised excretory cell that resembles flickering flame Cilia Nucleus Slit-like openings Flame cell Hook Sucker

29. Phylum Platyhelmifithes Reproduction occurs both asexually and sexually Asexual Sexual Transverse regeneration Longitudinal regeneration Testes Ovary Penis Genital pore Fertilisation (Internal) Zygote develops into larva Sexes are separate Zygote develops into larva

30. Keep Learfiifig!