Sperm anatomy and physiology

Sperm is the male reproductive cell and its main sperm function is to reach the ovum and fuse with it to deliver two sub-cellular structures called embryoOn average, each time a man ejaculates he releases nearly 100 million sperm but it takes only one to make a baby .To meet the waiting egg, semen must travel from the vagina to the fallopian tubes, a tough journey that few sperm survive.

1. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SPERM UTSHA CHAKRABORTHY Embryologist FEMELIFE FERTILITY FOUNDATION

2. SEMEN ANALYSIS.....

3. SEMEN ANALYSIS SEMEN ANALYSIS is the process of counting the sperms according to their shape , structure and movement. THIS PROCESS helps to recognise defects. S/A helps to decide the line of treatment in ART.

4. ASPECTS OF SEMEN ANALYSIS CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL SEMEN CHARECTER: (includes colour,viscosity,turbidity , liquifaction and PH) SPERM COUNT (Number of sperms in 1 ml semen) SPERM MORPHOLOGY (shape and structure of sperm) SPERM MOTILITY (type of movement of sperm)

5. SOURCE AND PARAMETERS SPERMS ARE MALE REPRODUCTIVE CELLS THAT CARRY THE GENETIC CHARACTERS FROM THE FATHER TO CHILD. SPERMS ARE FORMED IN THE PAIR OF TESTIS. PARAMETERS PH OF NORMAL SEMEN ranges from 7.2 to 7.8 NORMAL SEMEN is translucent and opalescent in colour. VISCOCITY is considered normal if the specimen can be poured from a gradulated beaker drop by drop with no agglutination. Liquifaction :SEMEN usually liquify within 30 mins .

6. SEMEN VOLUME AND COUNT OF SPERMS 40 million sperms/ml is considered normal for male fertility. 20million sperms/ml is minimum concentration for fertility. Below 10 million/ml is considered poor. ABNORMAL COUNTS: POLYZOOSPERMIA: excessively high sperm count. OLIGOZOOSPERMIA: sperm count less than 20million/ml. AZOOSPERMIA: No semen volume. HYPOSPERMIA: Semen volume is less than 1.5ml HYPERSPERMIA: Semen volume greater than 5.5ml NECROZOOSPERMIA : all dead sperms.

7. MORPHOLOGY OF SPERMS NORMAL: oval head, intact middle- piece,uncoiled single tail. ABNORMAL HEADS: MACROCEPHALIC/MACROCYTIC: Large heads. MICROCEPHALIC/MICROCYTIC: Small heads. PIN HEAD: Tapering heads. PYRIFORM HEAD: Tear -drop heads. BICEPHALIC: Double or duplicate heads.

8. ABNORMAL SHAPE AND FORMS ABNORMAL TAILS: COILED AND BENT TAIL BROKEN TAIL DOUBLE,TRIPLE OR QUADRIPLE TAIL CYTOPLASMIC DROPLETS WITH THE TAIL ABNORMAL COMPOSITION: HEMATOSPERMIA(red blood cells in semen) PYOSPERMIA(White blood cells in semen)

9. MOTILITY OF SPERMS MOTILE DENSITY: Includes no.of sperms capable of progressing from the site of deposition to the site of fertilization. NORMAL RANGE is 8million/ml or higher MOTILITY DEFECTS ASTHENOZOOSPERMIA: Sperm motility is less than 40% OLIGOASTHENOSPERMIA: motile density less than 8 million/ml AOT stands for ASTHENO-OLIGO-TERATO-ZOOSPERMIA

10. RISKS AND SOLUTIONS RISKS FOR MALE FERTILITY HYPERVISCOCITY HORMONAL DISORDER EXPOSURE TO RADIATION INJURY SOLUTIONS ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IVF/ICSI USE OF DONOR SPERM IN ART.

11. MOTHERLY TOUCH