The Sanskrit word bhakti is derived from the verb root bhaj-, which means "to worship, have recourse to, betake onself to" or bhañj-, which means "to break."[13][33][34][35] The word also means "attachment, devotion to, fondness for, homage, faith or love, worship, piety to...
The Sanskrit word bhakti is derived from the verb root bhaj-, which means "to worship, have recourse to, betake onself to" or bhañj-, which means "to break."[13][33][34][35] The word also means "attachment, devotion to, fondness for, homage, faith or love, worship, piety to something as a spiritual, religious principle or means of salvation".[1][36]
The meaning of the term Bhakti is analogous to but different from Kama. Kama connotes emotional connection, sometimes with sensual devotion and erotic love. Bhakti, in contrast, is spiritual, a love and devotion to religious concepts or principles, that engages both emotion and intellection.[37] Karen Pechelis states that the word Bhakti should not be understood as uncritical emotion, but as committed engagement.[37] She adds that, in the concept of bhakti in Hinduism, the engagement involves a simultaneous tension between emotion and intellection, "emotion to reaffirm the social context and temporal freedom, intellection to ground the experience in a thoughtful, conscious approach".[37] One who practices bhakti is called a bhakta.[38]
The term bhakti, in Vedic Sanskrit literature, has a general meaning of "mutual attachment, devotion, fondness for, devotion to" such as in human relationships, most often between beloved-lover, friend-friend, king-subject, parent-child.[13] It may refer to devotion towards a spiritual teacher (Guru) as guru-bhakti,[39][40] or to a personal God,[13][41] or for spirituality without form (nirguna).[42]
According to the Sri Lankan Buddhist scholar Sanath Nanayakkara, there is no single term in English that adequately translates or represents the concept of bhakti in Indian religions.[43] Terms such as "devotion, faith, devotional faith" represent certain aspects of bhakti, but it means much more. The concept includes a sense of deep affection, attachment, but not wish because "wish is selfish, affection is unselfish". Some scholars, states Nanayakkara, associate it with saddha (Sanskrit: Sraddha) which means "faith, trust or confidence". However, bhakti can connote an end in itself, or a path to spiritual wisdom.[43]
The term Bhakti refers to one of several alternate spiritual paths to moksha (spiritual freedom, liberation, salvation) in Hinduism,[44] and it is referred to as bhakti marga or bhakti yoga.[45][46] The other paths are Jnana marga (path of knowledge), Karma marga (path of works), Rāja marga (path of contemplation and meditation).[44][47]
The term bhakti has been usually translated as "devotion" in Orientalist literature.[48] The colonial era authors variously described Bhakti as a form of mysticism or "primitive" religious devotion of lay people with monotheistic parallels.[49][50][51] However, modern scholars state "devotion" is a misleading and incomplete translation of bhakti.[52][53] The Sanskrit word bhakti is derived from the verb root bhaj-, which means "to worship, have recourse to, betake onself to" or bhañj-, which means "to break."[13][33][34][35] g
oà namo bhagavat mahä-puruñäya
sarva-guëa-
saìkhyänäyänantäyävyaktäya nama iti.
•O Supreme Personality of
Godhead,
• I offer my respectful
obeisances unto You
•in Your expansion as Lord
Saìkarñaëa.
• You are the reservoir of all
transcendental qualities.
•Although You are unlimited,
•You remain unmanifest to
the nondevotees.
•SB 5.17.17
Lord Siva’s dealing with vaisnava
•You are all devotees
of the Lord, and
• as such I appreciate
that you are as
respectable
•as the Supreme
Personality of
Godhead Himself.
•SB4.24.30
Lord Siva at the time of dissolution
Blessing from Lord Siva
Sakapata Krpa
Mercy
With
cheating
shiva-shastreshu tad grahyam bhagavac-
chastra-yogi yat
paramo vishnur evaikas taj jnanam
moksha-sadhanam
shastranam nirnayas tv eshas tad anyan
mohanaya hi
- Skanda Purana, Lord Shiva tells Karttikeya
niskapata krpa: Mercy without cheating
Lord Çiva was traveling in the sky with
Pärvaté,
•Çré Märkaëòeya merged in meditative trance
Lord Siva bewildered by Mohini Murthy
•Be careful
•mama
mäyä
duratyayä