Stability testing protocols

drug stability
types of stability
ich guidelines
objectives
testing of API

1. ADVANCED PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS STABILITY TESTING PROTOCOLS LIKITHA B OGA M. Pharmacy I-I Pharmaceu tical Analysis

2. DRUG STABILITY DEFINITION: A measure of how pharmaceutical products maintains its quality attribute over a time period.

3. TYPES OF STABILITY CHEMICAL: Each active ingredient retains its chemical integrity and labeled potency within the specified limit. PHYSICAL: The physical stability properties includes appearance, palatability, uniformity, dissolution and suspend ability are retained. MICROBIOLOGICAL: Sterility or resistance to microbial growth is retained according to specified requirement. THERAPEUTIC: Therapeutic activity remains unchanged. TOXCOLOGICAL: No significant increase in toxicity occurs.

4. ICH GUIDELINES ICH GUIDELINES TITLE Q1 A Stability testing of new drug substances and products Q 1 B Stability testing: photo stability testing of new drug substance and products Q1 C Stability testing for new dsage forms Q1 D Bracketing and matrixing designs for stability testing of drug substances and products Q1 E Evaluation of stability data Q1 F Stability data package for registation application in climatic zones Ш and IV

5. What is meant by stability testing? Stability testing  is utilized to determine if the quality of a drug substance or drug product is altered over time by various environmental factors, such as light, temperature and humidity .

6. INTRODUCTION This guidance is the second revision of Q1A Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products, which was first published in September 1994 and revised in August 2001 . The purpose of this revision is to harmonize the intermediate storage condition for zones I and II with the long-term condition for zones III and IV recommended in the ICH guidance.

7. Objectives of the Stability testing Stability testing is to provide evidence on how the quality of a drug substance or drug product varies with time under the influence of a variety of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light.

8. STABILITY TESTING OF API’S General Stress testing Selection of batches Container closure system Specifications Testing frequency Storage conditions Stability commitment Evaluation Statements/labeling

9. GENERAL Information on the stability of the drug substance is an integral part of the systematic approach to stability evaluation.

10. STRESS TESTING Stress testing of the drug substance can help identify the likely degradation products, which can in turn help establish the degradation pathways. validate the stability indicating power of the analytical procedures used. Stress testing is likely to be carried out on a single batch of the drug substance. The testing should include the effect of temperatures (in 10°C increments (e.g., 50°C, 60°C) above that for accelerated testing), humidity (e.g.,75 percent relative humidity or greater) where appropriate, oxidation, and photolysis on the drug substance.

11. SELECTION OF BATCHES Data from formal stability studies should be provided on at least three primary batches of the drug substance. The batches should be manufactured to a minimum of pilot scale by the same synthetic route as production batches and using a method of manufacture and procedure that simulates the final process to be used for production batches.

12. CONTAINER CLOSURE SYSTEM The stability studies should be conducted on the drug substance packaged in a container closure system that is the same as or simulates the packaging proposed for storage and distribution.

13. SPECIFICATION Stability studies should include testing of those attributes of the drug substance that are susceptible to change during storage and are likely to influence quality, safety and efficacy. The testing should cover as appropriate the physical, chemical, biological and microbiological attributes. Eg . Appearance, assay, degradation.

14. TESTING FREQUENCY For long term stability studies: year 1: every 3 months year 2: every 6 months subsequent years: annually At accelerated storage conditions: (6 months study) minimum three points including t and t final Eg . 0(initial) 3 6(final) At intermediate storage conditions: (12 months study) four points including t to t final Eg . 0(initial) 6 9 12(final)

15. STORAGE CONDITIONS In general, a drug substance should be evaluated under storage conditions (with appropriate tolerances) that test its thermal stability and, if applicable, its sensitivity to moisture. GENERAL CASE: GENERAL CASE: STUDY STORAGE CONDITIONS MINIMUM TIME PERIOD COVERED BY DATA AT SUBMISSSION LONG TERM (AMBIENT) 25 C ± 2 C 60% RH ± 5% RH 12 MONTHS INTERMEDIATE (CONTROLLED) 30 C ± 2 C 65% RH ± 5% 6 MONTHS ACCELERATED 40 C ± 2 C 75% RH ± 5% 6 MONTHS

16. STORAGE IN REFRIGERATOR: STORAGE IN FREEZER: STUDY STORAGE CONDITIONS MINIMUM TIME PERIOD COVERED BY DATA AT SUBMISSION LONG TERM 5 C ± 3 C 12 MONTHS ACCELERATED 25 C ± 2 C 60% RH ± 5% 6 MONTHS STUDY STORAGE CONDITIONS MINIMUM TIME PERIOD COVERED BY DATA AT SUBMISSION LONG TERM -20 C±5 C 12 MONTHS

17. STABILITY COMMITMENT When available long-term stability data on primary batches do not cover the proposed retest period granted at the time of approval, a commitment should be made to continue the stability studies post approval to firmly establish the retest period. If the submission includes data from stability studies on at least three production batches, a commitment should be made to continue these studies through the proposed retest period. If the submission includes data from stability studies on fewer than three production batches, a commitment should be made to continue these studies through the proposed retest period and to place additional production batches, to a total of at least three, on long-term stability studies through the proposed retest period. If the submission does not include stability data on production batches, a commitment should be made to place the first three production batches on long term stability studies through the proposed retest period.

18. EVALUATION Based on testing a minimum of three batches of the drug substance. Evaluating the stability information (including, as appropriate, results of the physical, chemical, biological, and microbiological tests). The degree of variability of individual batches affects the confidence that a future production batch will remain within specification throughout the assigned retest period. If analysis shows that the batch-to-batch variability is small, it is advantageous to combine the data into one overall estimate. Any evaluation should cover not only the assay, but also the levels of degradation products and other appropriate attributes.

19. STATEMENT /LABELING A storage statement should be established for the labeling in accordance with relevant national/regional requirements. The statement should be based on the stability evaluation of the drug substance. Where applicable, specific instructions should be provided, particularly for drug substances that cannot tolerate freezing. A retest period should be derived from the stability information, and a retest date should be displayed on the container label if appropriate.

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