STAIN REMOVAL METHODS IN HOUSE KEEPING

STAIN IS A SPOT OR LOCALIZED DISCOLORATION LEFT ON THE FABRIC BY THE FOREIGN SUBSTANCE.

1. STAIN REMOVAL METHODS A stain is a spot or localized discoloration left on the fabric by the foreign substance 1) Composition and color of the fabric 2) Nature and age of stain www.indianchefrecipe.com

2. GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR STAIN REMOVAL Identify the stain Classify the stain Select the reagent to be used Select the procedure to be used Step by step procedure to remove stain www.indianchefrecipe.com

3. IDENTIFICATION OF STAINS Color Eg: black- ink, red- blood Yellow- turmeric Odor/Smell Eg:- medicine , food, perfume Texture Eg: egg , paint, glue/gum www.indianchefrecipe.com

4. Types of stains Absorbed stain: Built-up stains:- paints, lipstick ,chewing gum etc . Compound stains : combination of Absorbed stains and Built-up stains blood www.indianchefrecipe.com

5. Classification of stains Animal stains :- blood, egg, milk, wine and meat. Vegetable stains :- tea, coffee, tomato, gravy etc. Grease stains:-butter, ghee, curry ,oil etc. Mineral stains:- ink , rust, medicine etc. Acidic stains:- Miscellaneous stains :- www.indianchefrecipe.com

6. Classification of stain removal solvents : hydrocarbons, petroleum based alcohol ,chlorinated hydrocarbons– benzene, ,kerosene, acetone ,glycerin, ethyl alcohol, turpentine, carbon tetra chloride. Bleaches :- oxidizing bleach, reducing agents.— Hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid, potassium permanganate, sodium bisulphate. Fats/oils:- fatty acids– coconut oil, oleic acid. Emulsifiers:- an ionic and non-ionic –soaps, fatty acid alcohol, sulphatesnates, fatty amine oxides. www.indianchefrecipe.com

7. Classification of stain removal Acids :- organic , in-organic ---1% oxalic acid, 30% formic acid, white vinegar, curd, sour milk, diluted hydrochloric acid.. Alkalis :- ammonium hydroxide , sodium bicarbonate. Enzyme s :- enzymes soaps. Absorbents :- talc, cornstarch, French chalk. www.indianchefrecipe.com

8. Equipments used for stain removal Spotting table Brushes Steam gum Chamois Absorbent pads Magnifying glasses Drying cabin www.indianchefrecipe.com

9. Blood stain Soak in cold water for an hour. Then transfer to lukewarm water containing an enzymes detergents. Soak for 30 minutes and Launder (OR) Soak the stain in acetic acid for about 2 hours. Rub gently Neutralized with ammonia and launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

10. Ball point ink stain Rub lightly with cotton swab soak in methylated sprit . If the stain is old soak in glycerin to soften. Wash with the soap and launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

11. Ink stain Hold under the cold running water to remove as much as ink possible. Apply lime juice and salt and leave for 30 minutes and launder. Steep in diluted oxalic acid for 10 minutes and rinse thoroughly with dilute borax solution. Launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

12. Chewing gum stain Remove surface gum with a blunt knife. Apply ice to the stain. Allow to soak in ice-cold water for few minutes. Launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

13. Tea/coffee stain Pour the boiling water over the stain Apply borax solution and allow to dry. Pour the boiling water over it and launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

14. Curry stain Wash with soap and water. Put in the sun to bleach. Apply borax. Soak in potassium permanganate Bleach in water. Launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

15. Fruit juice stain Apply starch paste on the stain and leave for one hour. Rub off the paste. Pour the boiling water over it. Rub borax and salt over the stain. Pour the boiling water over it. Launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

16. Ghee/oil Rub French chalk on the stain and brush off. Repeat if required. Wash with soap and warm water . If stain still remains , wash with a solvent. Launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

17. Lipstick stain soften the stain by working glycerin into it. Apply methylated sprit . Launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

18. Medicine stain Steep in warm water. Wash with soap and water. steep in oxalic acid. wash with borax solution. steep in methyl sprit. Bleach. www.indianchefrecipe.com

19. Nail polish stain place the stain against a clean absorbent towel with a cotton swab soaked in acetone or commercial nail polish remover. Repeat till the stain disappears. launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

20. Paint/varnish stain place the stain against a clean absorbent towel with a cotton swab soaked in turpentine or kerosene. Repeat till the stain disappears. launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

21. Perfume stain Do not let the stain age. Wash immediately, preferably in hot water. a weak solution of acetic acid or ethyl alcohol helps. Bleach if required. www.indianchefrecipe.com

22. Iron Rust Paint A patented rust remover may be used or the stain may be soaked in cold 1% oxalic acid for about 15 minutes . Rinse in dilute borax solution and then launder. www.indianchefrecipe.com

23. Shoe polish Sponge with liquid detergent. Steep the stain in carbon tetra chloride or turpentine . If the stain is old , soften with glycerin first. Bleach if required. www.indianchefrecipe.com

24. Starching agents It is added at the end of washing process. it helps to reduce the absorption of stains and grease. common starches are rice, sago, root potato etc. www.indianchefrecipe.com

25. Bleaching agents These are chemicals capable of whiting fabrics and removing stains by destroying pigmented matter. It is used for cotton fabrics. good bleaching powder contain 38 % chlorine available. www.indianchefrecipe.com

26. Dry Cleaning www.indianchefrecipe.com

27. Why “Dry-Cleaning ” not laundering The solvents used contain little to no water. Water is only used at the end of the cleaning process is normal stains are in the clothing. www.indianchefrecipe.com

28. Dry Cleaning Dry cleaning removes oils as well as many water –soluble and insoluble materials with the half of detergents and other agents. It is safe method of removing delicate fabrics. It was earlier called as French cleaning or chemical cleaning. www.indianchefrecipe.com

29. Removing stains Oil stains do not come out in regular cleaning but with dry cleaning they do. The oil does not dissolve into water for regular cleaning. With dry cleaning the oil dissolves into the perc and the stain can be removed. Dry cleaning does not get out normal stains, such as soup stains, and those are left for the end of the process. www.indianchefrecipe.com

30. Advantages of dry-cleaning Dry-cleaning cleans cloths for which is laundering not possible. It causes no shrinkage. Dry cleaning does not flatten the pile fabrics. Colors do not bleed on dry-cleaning. Stains are more readily removed by dry-cleaning. www.indianchefrecipe.com

31. Dis- Advantages of dry-cleaning Dry- cleaning is expensive compared to laundering. Many Dry- cleaning solvents are harmful. www.indianchefrecipe.com

32. Process of Dry-cleaning www.indianchefrecipe.com

33. Process of Dry-cleaning Marking Sorting Application of absorbents Pre-spotting Cleaning Extraction Drying Filtering and distillation of solvents. Inspection Finishing Packing www.indianchefrecipe.com

34. Dry-cleaning materials Dry-cleaning detergents absorbents Solvents Petroleum solvents/ Stoddard solvent halogenated hydrocarbons. www.indianchefrecipe.com