state science congress buddheswar 2019.pptx

wbssc

1. Speaker Buddheswar Kar Research Fellow Dept. of Agronomy University of Calcutta.

2. The major problem of chemical fertilizer intensive agriculture Excessive use of high analysis chemical fertilizer and intensive agriculture cause deterioration of soil health and rapid depletion of secondary & micronutrients in soil. Low nutrient application efficiency e.g.; 60% urea is lost after application in field due to run off, leaching leads to E utrophication. Stagnation of crop productivity and loss of sustainability. The large fertilizer manufacturing unit consume fossil fuels, emits green house gases resulting overall environmental hazards causes significant environmental footprints. We must think about the climate smart agriculture with the sustainable approach of agricultural inputs. “Fertilizer is good for the father and bad for the sons.” – Dutch saying

3. Effects of Chemical Fertilizers on Water Pollution The majority of nitrogenous fertilizers aren't absorbed products and they interfere with both underground and surface water. Groundwater nitrate problem should be considered in a global context. Human and animal health disorders: Contaminated water  may contain high levels of nitrates and nitrites, causing hemoglobin disorders. Heavy metals  such as Mercury, Lead, Cadmium and Uranium have been found in fertilizers, which can cause disturbances in the kidneys, lungs and liver and cause cancer. Ammonium Nitrate  exposure cause other health problems such as eye and skin irritation, producing a burning sensation. Inhalation exposure can result in irritation of the nose, throat and lungs. Greenhouse Gas Emission: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas which has been calculated to have 298 times the global warming potential of CO2 over a 100 year period. Fertilizer is the largest source contributing around 77% of the total direct nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils.

4. Nano fortification and its advantage Nanotechnology is the noble scientific approach involving the use of materials and equipment that is capable of manipulating physical and chemical properties of substance at a molecular leve l The term “ nano ” is adapted from the Greek word meaning “dwarf.” The word “ nano ” means 10 - 9 or one billionth part of a meter. Particles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm are considered as “nanoparticles” ( Thakkar et al. 2010 ). It has been estimated that around 40–70 % of nitrogen, 80–90 % of phosphorus, and 50–90 % of potassium content of applied fertilizers are lost in the environment and could not reach the plant which causes sustainable and economic losses ( Trenkel 1997; Ombodi and Saigusa 2000 ). Advantages of Nano fortified material over T raditional Fertilizers This innovative Nano PGR contains almost every nutrients that are essential for the plant growth along with all the growth regulators. When it is sprayed onto leaves it delivers all nutrients to the chlorophyll directly An economical way to deliver nutrients No residue or wastage.

5. Nano PGR used for the experiment The proposed Nano PGR are transported through the plant cell plasma membrane, without the need for any and additional energy, and exhibits no phytotoxicity . .

6. Nano PGR penetration through the epidermis –a hypothesis

7. Fig- 2: Phase contrast microscopic images of Nano PGR absorption through leaf epidermis; (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) transport of Nano Plant growth regulator through vascular bundles at different stages. It can also circumvent the problem of restricted uptake of a nutrient from soil. Uptake of iron, manganese, and copper may be more efficient with this method as compared to soil application where they get adsorbed on soil particles and hence are less available to root system ( Taiz and Zeiger 2010). As stomata and leaf epidermal cells are majorly involved in nutrient uptake, foliar application method can have agronomic advantage if used for nano -fertilizers.

8. Transmission electron microscopic pictures of the Nano PGR (10 to 100 nm) UV-VIS spectra of the Nano PGR

9. Nano PGR sprayed potato leaf (left) showing dark green, fleshy, undulated and hairy leaf and macro boric acid spray (right) showing light green coloured leaf

10. Major objectives of the work 1) To substitute chemical fertilizers with the Nano based PGR along with organic manures. 2)Combined effect of organic manure and nano plant growth regulator on boro rice for enhanced growth and productivity in the growth and yield attributing parameters of rice.

11. Materials and methods The field experiment was conducted to study the Combined effect of organic manure and nano plant growth regulator on boro rice for enhanced growth and during twice in Rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 (December to May) at the Agricultural Experimental Farm of Calcutta University, Baruipur, 24 Parganas (south), West Bengal. This product has a reference to following international patents of Dr. N Deb US2013021997A1,CN104114028A,AU2012369910A1,IPO0154/KOL/2012,WIPOW02013121244A1.

12. Treatment details Treatment combination Notation used CONTROL T1 Nano PGR @0.5ml/m2 + vermicompost @200gms/m2 T2 Nano PGR @1 .0ml/m2 + vermicompost @200gms/m2 T3 Nano PGR @2.0ml/m2 + vermicompost @200gms/m2 T4 Nano PGR @0.5 ml/m2 + Humic Acid @2ml/m2 T5 Nano PGR @1.0ml/m2 + Humic Acid @2ml/m2 T6 Nano PGR @2.0ml/m2 + Humic Acid @2ml/m2 T7 Only Nano PGR @ 2.0ml/m2 T8 Only vermicompost @200gms/m2 T9 Only humic acid @2.0ml/m2 T10

13. SOME PICTURES OF THE FIELD EXPERIMENT

14. Results and Discussions

15. Effect of different concentration of Nano based plant growth regulators with vermiwash on Yield Attributes of boro rice (Var. Muktoshri )

16. 16 Sl. No Plant height (cm) 30 DAT Plant height (cm) 60 DAT Plant height (cm) 90 DAT Tillers per hill 30 DAT Tillers per hill 60 DAT Tillers per hill at 90 DAT Length of panicles in cm Test weight in gms Grain yield (q/ha) Straw yield (q/ha) Harvest index (%) T1 36.22 61.86 90.58 4.333333 13.6666 11.66667 21.66667 21.21 40.11 51.96 43.56 T2 36.55333 63.156 92.65667 4.666667 13.6666 11.66667 23.33333 21.26667 41.02 52.71 43.76 T3 37.55333 64.41667 93.00667 5.333333 13.3333 13 25 22.36667 41.54 54.38 43.30 T4 39.11 65.45 93.65333 5.666667 16.3333 13.66667 25.66667 22.80667 42.57 55.62 43.35 T5 43.55333 66.86 96.22 6.333333 16.3333 14.66667 27 23.07667 44.44 56.43 44.05 T6 44.11 67.26667 97.04 6.666667 17.6666 14.66667 28.66667 23.27333 42.58 53.58 44.28 T7 43.11 66.40667 95.03 7.333333 18.6666 17 26.66667 23.64333 45.60 56.67 44.58 T8 36.77667 62.19333 91.32333 5 15.3333 14 24 22.96 42.58 53.58 44.28 T9 38.61 63.93667 92.34 5 12.6666 14 23.66667 22.72667 42.79 54.44 44.01 T10 36.33 60.62667 89.16 3.333333 11.3333 12.33333 20 19.21333 40.11 51.96 43.56 CD 5% 2.612596918 1.627 2.148018731 2.231804586 3.403792917 2.845715546 4.254834807 0.376468524 1.534 3.004 1.41 Combined effect of organic manure and nano plant growth regulator on boro rice for enhanced growth and productivity in the growth and yield attributing parameters of rice on plant height at 30.60,90 days , Tillers per hill 30,60.90 days, Length of panicles ( in cm )Unfilled Grains per panicle, Test weight in gms,Grain yield (q/ha) Straw yield (q/ha) Harvest index (%) , of Boro Rice (Var. . Muktoshri )

17. Economic aspects Analysis of Benefit: Cost ratio of different treatments Treatments Total cost of cultivation Grain yield (Q/ha) Return from grain (Rs./ Q) Total Return from grain (Rs.) Straw yield (Q/ha) Return from straw (Rs./ Q) Total return from straw (Rs.) Gross return (Rs./ha) Net return ( Rs ./ha) Benefit: Cost ratio T1 56200 40.583 1800 73049 51.95 600 31170 104219 48019 1.85 T2 57000 41.023 1800 73841 52.71 600 31626 107467 50467 1.88 T3 57600 41.540 1800 74772 54.38 600 32628 107400 49800 1.86 T4 58000 42.570 1800 76626 55.62 600 33372 109998 51998 1.89 T5 58700 42.930 1800 77274 54.61 600 32766 110040 51340 1.87 T6 58750 44.443 1800 79997 56.43 600 33858 113855 55105 1.93 T7 58850 45.593 1800 82069 56.67 600 34002 116071 57221 1.97 T8 58050 42.580 1800 76644 53.58 600 32148 108792 50742 1.87 T9 57100 42.797 1800 77034 54.44 600 32664 109698 52598 1.92 T10 57400 40.113 1800 72203 51.96 600 31176 103379 45979 1.80

18. This diagram clearly shows that T7,T6 and T5 having a major economic advantage over the T1or control.

19. Future Scope of Research in the Context The experiment should be carried out in different agro-climatic situations on long term basis.   Response of different doses of vermiwash and the formulated PGR may also be tested towards the improvement of soil health and rice yield. More field trial of the arsenic tolerant variety of rice in the country and testing its acceptability for intake. More efficacy analysis of different organic manures with vermiwash.

20. Conclusion Among the various treatments T7 found very significant in the lower Gangatic Alluvial Zone of West Bengal. It had significant impact upon plant height, no. of effective tillers, no of panicles per unit area, length of panicles, Test weight, HI, Benefit: cost ratio. So it can be concluded that it would be more beneficial to apply humic acid along with Nano based PGR to get the maximum yield on Boro rice.