Steps for Water Conservation including government initiative

Water conservation measures are essential to protect this precious resource. Here are some effective ways to conserve water:

1. *Fix Leaks*: Fixing leaky faucets, toilets, and pipes can save up to 20 gallons of water per day.

2. *Take Shorter Showers*: Reducing shower time by just one minute can save up to 5 gallons of water per day.

3. *Turn Off the Tap*: Turning off the tap while brushing teeth or washing hands can save up to 4 gallons of water per day.

4. *Use Water-Efficient Appliances*: Installing low-flow showerheads, toilets, and sinks can significantly reduce water usage.

5. *Harvest Rainwater*: Collecting rainwater in barrels or cisterns can provide water for non-potable uses like watering plants or washing cars.

6. *Use Drought-Resistant Plants*: Planting drought-resistant plants in your garden or yard can reduce water usage for irrigation.

7. *Use a Broom Instead of a Hose*: Sweeping your driveway, sidewalk, or patio instead of using a hose can save up to 8 gallons of water per minute.

8. *Use a Water-Efficient Washing Machine*: Front-loading washing machines use significantly less water than top-loading machines.

9. *Use a Dishwasher*: Running a full load in the dishwasher uses less water than washing dishes by hand.

10. *Monitor Your Water Usage*: Checking your water meter regularly can help detect hidden leaks or water waste.

11. *Use Water-Efficient Irrigation Systems*: Installing a rain sensor or a smart irrigation controller can optimize water usage for your lawn and garden.

12. *Teach Children to Conserve Water*: Educating children about the importance of water conservation can help develop good habits from a young age.

Remember, every small change can make a big difference in water conservation.Water conservation measures are essential to protect this precious resource. Here are some effective ways to conserve water:

1. *Fix Leaks*: Fixing leaky faucets, toilets, and pipes can save up to 20 gallons of water per day.

2. *Take Shorter Showers*: Reducing shower time by just one minute can save up to 5 gallons of water per day.

3. *Turn Off the Tap*: Turning off the tap while brushing teeth or washing hands can save up to 4 gallons of water per day.

4. *Use Water-Efficient Appliances*: Installing low-flow showerheads, toilets, and sinks can significantly reduce water usage.

5. *Harvest Rainwater*: Collecting rainwater in barrels or cisterns can provide water for non-potable uses like watering plants or washing cars.

6. *Use Drought-Resistant Plants*: Planting drought-resistant plants in your garden or yard can reduce water usage for irrigation.

7. *Use a Broom Instead of a Hose*: Sweeping your driveway, sidewalk, or patio instead of using a hose can save up to 8 gallons of water per minute.

8. *Use a Water-Efficient Washing Machine*: Front-loading washing machines use significantly less water than top-loading machines.

1. WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES SHREYA AGRAHARI ROLL NO.-120

2. CONTENT Introduction to water conservation Water sources Water usage Water Scarcity Water Conservation Measures Water Conservation Policies Community Involvement Health benefit of Water Conservation References 4/26/2023 2

3. INTRODUCTION TO WATER CONSERVATION 4/26/2023 3 Definition: Protection of water resources and further building more water resources. The global population is growing fast, and estimates show that with current practices, the world will face a 40% shortfall between forecast demand and available supply of water by 2030 .  Importance :   Estimates indicate that over 40% of the world population live in water scarce areas, and approximately ¼ of world’s GDP is exposed to this challenge.  By 2040, an estimated one in four children will live in areas with extreme water shortages .  INTRODUCTION TO WATER CONSERVATION

4. 4/26/2023 4 Three main sources of water RAIN SURFACE WATER Impounding Reservoir Rivers and Streams Tanks , ponds and lakes Ground Water Shallow Wells Deep Wells Springs WATER SOURCES

5. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 5 WATER USAGE

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7. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 7 Four billion people — almost two thirds of the world’s population   experience severe water scarcity for at least one month each year. Over two billion people live in countries where water supply is inadequate. Half of the world’s population could be living in areas facing water scarcity by as early as 2025. Some 700 million people could be displaced by intense water scarcity by 2030. By 2040, roughly 1 in 4 children worldwide will be living in areas of extremely high water stress . WATER SCARCITY

8. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 8 WATER SCARCITY CAUSES

9. WATER SCARCITY IMPACT ON PUBLIC HEALTH WATER CRISIS IS HEALTH CRISIS Nearly 1 million people die each year from water, sanitation and hygiene-related diseases which could be reduced with access to safe water or sanitation.  HANDWASHING SAVES LIVES 2.3 billion people globally – 3 out of 10 – don’t have access to soap and water to wash their hands at home. Access to safe water directly helps the most vulnerable families around the world prepare and protect themselves from illness and disease .

10. WATER SCARCITY IMPACT ON PUBLIC HEALTH(CONT.) A children's health crisis Safe drinking water is critical to the development of a healthy child. It means kids won’t experience water-borne illnesses like typhoid. Diarrhea is one of the top three leading causes of child death and this is often triggered from consuming unclean water. Further, every 2 minutes a child dies from a water-borne disease

11. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 11 WATER SCARCITY IMPACT ON PUBIC HEALTH(CONT.) FOOD IS LIFE Agriculture, encompassing crops, livestock, fisheries, aquaculture and forestry, is both a cause and a victim of water scarcity. It accounts for the bulk of global water withdrawals. With rising temperatures intensifying demand, in combination with more frequent and severe weather extremes impacting production, the need to address water scarcity in agriculture is apparent .

12. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 12 WATER SCARCITY IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT WILTING OF LEAVES DROUGHT DECREASE GROUND WATER DISTURBS THE WATER CYCLE WHICH LEAD TO CLIMATE CHANGE. DISTURBS THE NORMAL WILDLIFE.

13. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 13 WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES Careful Use of Water: Keep the taps turned off when not in use. Usage of efficient home appliances like washing machines and dishwashers can save a lot of water. Even without the appliances, make sure you don’t overuse water while washing dishes or clothes. Don’t Wash Down Garbage: Make sure to not wash down small bits of trash that use a large amount of water to flush down the drain. Don’t Run The Faucet to Clean Vegetables: Fill a container with water to wash fruits and vegetables. Keeping them under the faucet while water runs down will lead to unnecessary wastage of water. Check for Leaks: Leaks can cause a significant amount of water loss if left unchecked. So, check the faucet, taps, and pipes for leaks regularly. Water the Plants Smartly: While watering your plants keep in mind the temperature and time of the day, so water doesn’t evaporate quickly. Reuse water from cleaning and laundry to water the plants. Reduce Bathing Water Amount: While bathing or taking a shower make sure to not let the water run down for a longer period or unnecessarily.Try limiting your shower time to 10 to 15 minutes because humans carelessly consume gallons of water for luxuriously long showers. Try using a compost Bin instead of in-sink garbage disposal. Compost bins are environmentally friendly and reduce water wastage. Maintenance of appliances can prevent potential leaks and wastage of energy.We can save gallons of water by turning off the water while brushing our teeth, shaving, showering, and washing dishes as these daily routine activities have resulted in excessive consumption of water. Promote plantation of drought-resistant trees and plants as these can thrive even without irrigation.Trees and plants with a layer of mulch around them slow down the evaporation of moisture.

14. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 14 WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES

15. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 15 WATER CONSERVATION POLICIES JAL SANCHAY PROJECT The Jal Sanchay project was a water conservation initiative that was started in Nalanda district of Bihar. The water conservation project focused on constructing check dams, and desilting and renovating the irrigation system and traditional water bodies. It also involved increasing awareness about traditional water conservation and rainwater harvesting techniques aimed at maintaining the water table levels. The project also carried out with the support from local farmers and through campaigns. JAL SHAKTI ABHIYAN A nationwide campaign with the theme ‘’CATCH THE RAIN,WHERE IT FALLS’’ for creating appropriate rainwater harvesting structures in urban and rural areas of all districts of the country.

16. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 16 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT SAB KA SAATH SAB KA VIKAS NGOs working on water conservation in India The government in India has taken several steps and projects to save water and implemented water conservation projects. In addition, nonprofit institutions are making significant contributions to water conservation in India. Tarun Bharat Sangh Tarun Bharat Sangh is a non-profitable environmental NGO that aims to achieve water conservation objectives by involving the community at every stage of development work and adopting indigenous water harvesting methods. The NGO has revived ten rivers and transformed drought-prone areas spanning 10,000 sq km in Rajasthan, which is among the most water-deficient states in India. SARA (Sustainable Alternatives for Rural Accord) The organisation has led the ‘ Swagrama ’ programme and worked on the ground at various levels to understand and implement sustainable models. This project on water conservation is inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s dream project, ‘Village Swaraj’, and aims to achieve self-sustainable rural development.

17. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 17 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Jal Bhagirathi Foundation The NGO is leading efforts to tackle water scarcity in the Marwar region of Rajasthan, which among the most densely populated arid zones in the world. The NGO focuses on reviving and constructing rainwater harvesting structures to recharge groundwater. It is also supporting communities in building rainwater harvesting tanks or tankas. Dreams Alive The NGO has been supporting farmers across the delta region of Tamil Nadu by restoring ponds that are the primary water resource for households, irrigation, cattle, wild animals, etc. It is also focusing on improving the livelihood of farmers, by increasing ground-water levels and addressing water shortage

18. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 18 PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPPS) FOR WATER CONSERVATION PPPs have been common in the urban utility sector, except in the area of water, which is still governed by the state in most cases. Rural India is an exception. With the limitations of the state and central governments in terms of reach and funding, the reliance has been on adoption of a collaborative model. Recharge Ponds in District Mahendragarh by SEHGAL FOUNDATION with HDFC BANK The groundwater was depleting rapidly and was affecting the livelihood of its residents. S M Sehgal Foundation joined hands with HDFC Bank to construct johads , redundant ponds in the Sarelli and Panchnota villages. This project aimed at bringing about positive change by increasing the water table in the region with Parivartan Prayojana . The locals said they used to have to wait long hours for water tankers. The cattle went thirsty, causing a reduction in milk output. After the johad was constructed, two to three hours of heavy rainfall was sufficient to have the pond overflowing and last the villagers an entire year. More water in the pond resulted in ground seepage, recharging the water table, and led to the increased level of groundwater. The depth and diameter had been increased to collect as much water as possible so it could last for a longer duration after the evaporation process. Even the wells in the adjacent villages appeared fuller and could feed more people than earlier. The spinoff effect was undeniable. After construction of the pond, the locals felt more aware and confident regarding water conservation and management in India.

19. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 19 HEALTH BENEFIT OF WATER CONSERVATION DECREASE RISK OF WATER BORNE DISEASE IMPROVE SANITATION PROTECTING ENVIRONMENT

20. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 20 REFERENCES PARK’S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE EDITION 22 COMMUNITY MEDICINE WITH RECENT ADVANCES EDITION 2 www.who.int pib.gov.in www.sfwmd.gov governmentpolicy.in water.org Sehgal foundation https://www.unicef.org/ www.unwater.org https://www.epa.gov/

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22. 4/26/2023 Add a footer 22 THANK YOU