Steps in Social science Research

Steps and explanation of Social science Research
Methods of research
Research sources
Steps of research
conclusion

1. SUBMITTED BY, KAAVIYA AV SUBMITTED TO, Dr. SIVARAJ P ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (AEX) AEX113

2. Steps in social science research

3. What Is Research? Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) documentation,  discovery,  interpretation, or the research and development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge.

4. RESEARCH PROCESS • A Research process consists of series of actions or steps necessary to effectively carry out research and the desired sequencing of these steps. • To produce new knowledge, or to offer a new manner of understanding present knowledge

5. METHODS OF RESEARCH 1. The Scientific Method This method involves techniques for investigating phenomena acquiring knowledge correcting and integrating previous knowledge. 2. Historical Method It involves techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write history. This approach may also be used with artistic project development.

6. RESEARCH SOURCES Research Sources are mainly of two types Primary Research – • It includes collection of data not previously existent • Examples : Interviews ,Surveys ,Speeches or performances. Secondary Research – • It includes summary, collation • Examples : Books, Journals and magazines, Electronics • Database – library, • Internet - primarily .org, . edu , . gov

7. 7 STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS • Step One: Define research problem • Step Two: Review of literature • Step Three: Formulate hypotheses • Step Four: Preparing the research design • Step Five: Data collection • Step Six: Data analysis • Step Seven: Interpretation and report writing

8. Step One: Define research problem There are two types of research problem relate to states of nature relationship between variables. Essentially two steps are involved in define research problem, understanding the problem thoroughly rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an point of view.

9. Step Two: Review of literature Once the problem is define, a brief summary of it should be written down. It is compulsory for a research worker writing a thesis for a Ph.D. degree to write a synopsis of topic and submit it to necessary committee or the research board for approval. For this purpose – Manuals ,Company Records, journals ,published data can be used.

10. Step Three: Formulate hypotheses Formulate hypothesis is tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences. Hypothesis should be very specific and limited to the piece of research in hand because it has to be tested. The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by delimiting the area of research and to keep him on the right track.

11. Step Four: Preparing the research design The function of research design is to provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money. Research purpose may be grouped into four categories, (1) Exploration, (2) Description (3) Diagnosis (4) Experimentation .

12. Step Five: Data collection Primary data can be collected through: By Observation Through personal interview Through telephone interview By mailing of questionnaires Through Schedules Published data are available in: Publications of central, state and local newspapers Publication of foreign government or of international bodies Technical or trade journals Books, magazines and newspaper and Internet Public record and statistics, historical documents and sources of public information.

13. Step Six: Data analysis The analysis of data requires a number of closely related operations such as establishment of categories. The Analyses of data can of two types: Quantitative analysis & Qualitative analysis This stage mainly include : 1. Coding 2. Editing 3. Tabulation

14. Step Seven: Interpretation and report writing Researcher has to prepare the report of what has been done by him. Writing of report includes: 1. the preliminary pages 2. the main text 3. the end matter.

15. CONCLUSION Good quality research requires a researcher to follow scientific approach. Researcher must follow scientific method in conducting literature review, identifying research gaps, writing problem statement & outlining research questions and research objectives. Researcher must carefully select among different research designs, the selection of which depends on specific research questions and the overall objectives of the study. Decisions like choosing among data collection methods and sampling techniques require researcher to exercise logical reasoning.

16. REFRENCES Dawson, Catherine, 2002, Practical Research Methods, New Delhi, UBS https://www.slideshare.net Kothari, C.R.,1985, Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques, New http://www.uky.edu Kumar, Ranjit , 2005, Research Methodology https://www.studyandexam.com