Sterlization.pptx autoclaving fumigatuon

Sterilization

1. STERILIZATION Dr. Srushti Kalamkar (Jr1) SHALYATANTRA , GACH, NAGPUR

2. METHODS OF STERILIZATION

3. PHYSICAL METHODS Autoclaving : Most common method. Sterlization occurs by saturated steam produced under desired pressure. Temperature: 120 c Pressure : 20 pounds Time : 20 minutes Uses : Sterlization of Surgical Instrument, Syringes, needles, masks, abdominal swabs and dressing. Signaloc Autoclav Lables : Size of lable : 2.5 cm by 5 cm Upper half is white and lower half is light green This signaloc is applied on the object to be autoclaved. It changes to dark grey or to black when AUTOCLAVED IS DONE.

4. HOT AIR OVEN : Sterlization using Dry heat. Temperature : 160 c Time : 1 hour Uses : Sterlization of Glassware, Forceps, scissors , scalpels , Syringes. MOIST HEAT ( BOILING ) : Immersion in boling water at 100 c Time : 10 minutes This method can not be used for sharm instruments. RADIATION : Non Ionizing Ionizing

5. Ionizing Radiation : It involve X ray, gamma ray. Gamma rays are used to sterilized plastic syringes, swabs , catheters , Suture materials , and surgical instruments, IV sets, Blood transfusion sets, Scalp vein sets, Surgical blades. CHEMICAL METHODS : The chemical Substances, known as Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to objects to destroy or inactivate pathogenics organisms. Commonly used disinfectant are phenol, Lysol, formalin, Dettol, alcohol, glutaraldehyde . This methods used for the instruments which are Damaged by heat. But it cannot destroy spores.

6. GAS STERLIZATION ( FUMIGATION ) : It involves the use of toxic gases or vapors in a closed environment to destroy microorganisms and spores. Commonly used for operation theatres, laboratories, isolation wards, and heat-sensitive medical equipment Principle: The gases used in fumigation act by alkylating or oxidizing microbial proteins and nucleic acids. This causes denaturation of enzymes and inactivation of microbial DNA, leading to cell death. Common Agents : Ethylene oxide, Formaline , Bpropiolactone.

7. Principles of OT STERLIZATION : 1. Principle of Asepsis Asepsis means the absence of pathogenic microorganisms . The OT environment must be kept free from microbes through cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization . 2. Principle of Cleaning Before Sterilization Organic material (blood, pus, tissue) interferes with sterilization. Hence, all instruments must be cleaned thoroughly with detergent and water before sterilization. 3. Principle of Adequate Exposure Time Sufficient time , temperature , and pressure must be maintained to achieve complete sterilization. Example: Autoclave at 121°C for 15–20 minutes at 15 psi pressure .

8. 4. Principle of Zoning in OT OT is divided into: Protective Zone (outer) – changing rooms, washing areas. Clean Zone (middle) – sterile stores, scrub area. Aseptic Zone (inner) – operation rooms. Movement should be unidirectional from clean → aseptic zone.

9. Operation Theater sterilization There are different methods & machines for sterilization of OT to make it infection-free 1) Fumigation 2)Ultraviolet rays 3) Radiations Fumigating machines 1) Fumigators 2) Foggers Fumigation methods 1) Formalin fumigation 2) Sulphur fumigation fumigator

10. Operation Theater sterilization Formalin fumigation It is a method of disinfecting the room/OT using fumes of gases. Total surface exposure to formaldehyde, gas will destroy all vegetative forms of bacteria, viruses & most of the spores. The best result is obtained with high concentration of gas. The exposure time varies from 1-24 hours

11. OT STERiLIZATION :