Stress management , Nursing Management..

STRESS MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
Stress is a common phenomenon of modern life.
Stress is generally due to conflict emanating from high aspirations and goal attainment.
Stress is common for all, but the degree varies depending on various intra psychic and interpersonal factors.
DEFINITION
According to WHO, Stress can be defined as a state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation. Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to address challenges and threats in our lives.
In the words of Fred Luthans, Stress is defined as an adaptive response to an external situation that results in physical, psychological, and/or behavioral deviations for organizational participants.
Cont….
Ivancevich and Matteson define stress as the interaction of the individual with the environment.
Schuler defines stress as a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important

Features of stress
Stress is both psychological and physical aspect
It is common to both the genders
It results from the deviation of expectations from actual situation
It is symptomatic
Stress is treated negatively
Stress is an interactive concept

Stress occurs only when the human being feels mediation of the   internal or external factors
Stress is related to the attitude of the person
Stress is associated with certain common biological disorders such as heart attack, stroke, diabetic, blood pressure, neurological disorders etc
CAUSES OF STRESS
Individual factor
Organizational Factors


CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS
Physiological Consequences
Psychological Consequences
Anger
Anxiety and Depression
Nervousness
Irritation
Tension
Boredom
Aggressiveness
Moodiness
Hostility
Poor Concentration
Behavioral Consequences
Behavioral Consequences
Perception: Stressful individuals develop tension and anxiety. As a result, their level of understanding considerably decreases.
Attitudes: Continued stressful environment creates certain permanent negative impressions in the mind of the employees which influence their work performance
Learning: Stressful employees cannot learn the things quickly

ORGANIZATIONAL CONSEQUENCES
STRESS PERFORMANCE CURVE

TECHNIQUES OF MANAGING STRESS
Individual Management
Time management
The following principles of time management can help in combating stress.
Identifying and listing of daily activities in a logical order.
Arranging the activities of the day based on importance and urgency.
.

1. STRESS MANAGEMENT Presented by, Ms. Ansu Varghese S.Y.M.Sc . Nursing, INS, BU

2. OBJECTIVES

3. INTRODUCTION Stress is a common phenomenon of modern life. Stress is generally due to conflict emanating from high aspirations and goal attainment. Stress is common for all, but the degree varies depending on various intra psychic and interpersonal factors.

4. DEFINITION According to WHO , Stress can be defined as a state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation. Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to address challenges and threats in our lives. In the words of Fred Luthans , Stress is defined as an adaptive response to an external situation that results in physical, psychological, and/or behavioral deviations for organizational participants.

5. Cont…. Ivancevich and Matteson define stress as the interaction of the individual with the environment. Schuler defines stress as a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important

6. Features of stress Stress is both psychological and physical aspect It is common to both the genders It results from the deviation of expectations from actual situation It is symptomatic Stress is treated negatively Stress is an interactive concept

7. Stress occurs only when the human being feels mediation of the   internal or external factors Stress is related to the attitude of the person Stress is associated with certain common biological disorders such as heart attack, stroke, diabetic, blood pressure, neurological disorders etc

8. CAUSES OF STRESS

9. Individual factor

10. Organizational Factors

11. CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS

12. Physiological Consequences

13. Psychological Consequences Anger Anxiety and Depression Nervousness Irritation Tension Boredom Aggressiveness Moodiness Hostility Poor Concentration

14. Behavioral Consequences

15. Behavioral Consequences Perception : Stressful individuals develop tension and anxiety. As a result, their level of understanding considerably decreases. Attitudes : Continued stressful environment creates certain permanent negative impressions in the mind of the employees which influence their work performance Learning : Stressful employees cannot learn the things quickly

16. ORGANIZATIONAL CONSEQUENCES

17. STRESS PERFORMANCE CURVE

18. TECHNIQUES OF MANAGING STRESS

19. Individual Management

20. Time management The following principles of time management can help in combating stress. Identifying and listing of daily activities in a logical order. Arranging the activities of the day based on importance and urgency. Preparing logical schedule of activities. Analyzing and understanding the daily cycle and nature of the job. Allocating time properly to various activities based on time demands. Delegating minor tasks to the subordinates in order to make use of the time in a better manner. Discouraging unwanted visitors. Setting unfinished tasks on the top of list for tomorrow.

21. Physical Management Management of stress relates to understanding one’s own biological and body conditions. Overcoming stress is possible with managing physiological relaxation. Physical exercises greatly help in relieving tension and stress. When body is conditioned with physical exercise, oxygen is inhaled properly and blood circulation increases. This promotes healthy secretions from glands and the supply of blood to all the parts of the body keeps every organ active . Physical exercises could be reactive or proactive. Non competitive physical exercises like walking, jogging, swimming, riding, aerobics and playing games considerably increases heart capacity, provide mental diversion from work pressures and increases heart capacity to withstand stressful situations.

22. Psychological Management Relaxation Relaxation of mind through meditation, hypnosis and biofeedback can effectively reduce mental tensions. Meditation involves silently sitting on the ground taking deep inhalation and chanting mantra. This takes the mind into deep relaxation. This technique relaxes muscles and mind. Transcendental Meditation, Soul management, Silence sitting posture, and praying the God are some of the relaxation techniques practiced for reducing stress.

23. Behavioural Self-control: Exercising proper control over behaviour in dealing with others can bring down the chance of stress. Self-introspection brings self-awareness of the individual. Stress can be relaxed by developing proper perception, practicing good listening, maintaining calm and tension free mind empathy and positive attitude. Cognitive Therapy: Cognitive therapy involves knowing ones’ own emotions to release anxiety and tension. In this technique, people are made to understand the reasons causing stress in them by the process of self-observation.

24. Yogic Management : In recent times, yoga is an effective technique of relieving stress. Yoga practice involves Asana, Pranayama , Mudra and Kriya . Certain asanas which help stress relaxation are pada hasthasana , vajra asana, sashanka asana, camel asana, lotus asana, crocodile asana, sarvanga asana, shava asana . Sashanka Asana, Vajra Asana Pada Hasthasana ,

25. Social Management Developing good social networks involves grouping of people who are good listeners and confidence builders. Encouraging informal groups to share information without inhibitions, developing free exchange of ideas, views and distasteful experiences, promoting confidence of social support decrease tensions and stress. Social clubs, recreation clubs, friendship clubs, informal gatherings, birthday parties, and family are some of the social networks that increase social support and reduce stress.

26. Self-awareness Management Self-awareness is similar to self-audit or personal audit. Being aware of self is a difficult task, as individuals are unprepared to accept their defects. Self-awareness management involves three stages. Stage–I: Identify, understand and analyse one’s own skills, capacities, limitations and defects. Stage – II: Encourage feedback from others viz., subordinates, peers, superiors, friends, family members and other social associations. This requires patient hearing without inhibitions. Stage -III: Develop self program to improve the skills, capacities to overcome the limitations in a scientific way. Attend self-management-training programs to develop the personality for all round development of self.

27. Inter Personal Management Inter- personal communication, inter personal attraction and inter personal knowledge improve understanding of others behavior. Most of the organizational stresses are created due to misunderstanding, organizational politics, setting one self-aloof from others and encouraging unreliable comments. Thus, maintaining openness of communication and valuing proper comment enable development of inter personal understanding. Transactional Analysis, Johari Window and Grid techniques help in the development of inter personal understanding and consequent relief from stress

28. Organizational Management

29. Organizational Management

30. Selection and Placement Policy: Selecting the employees by a proper personality fit suitable to jobs minimize the chance of stress in the individuals. Goal Setting: Organizations should follow a strategy of participation in goal setting to provide motivation, reduce frustration and ambiguity of goals. Management by Objectives (MBO) is an appropriate technique of goal setting which reduces stress. Job Enrichment and Job Design: Job redesign provides more responsibility, more meaningful work, more autonomy and increased feedback. This provides greater control over work activities and reduces dependence on others.

31. Role Clarity: Proper role definition helps employees understand their role in organisation and appraise interpersonal roles. This reduces the chance of role conflict and increases role compatibility. Communication and Counseling : Redesigning the formal communication channels can improve understanding and consequently reduce stress caused by communication bottlenecks. Counseling is exchange of ideas and views in a free and fair manner. It is intended to share problems of employees and cope up with the stressful situation.

32. Carrier planning and Development: Designing appropriate career plans, education programs, development programs and organisation development considerably reduce employee’s stress. Democratic Leadership: Democratic leaders create confidence in the subordinates and allow participation in the decision making process. Organisation Climate: Sound organisation climate and culture characterized by sound administrative policy, good organizational communication, participative culture and supportive climate ensure reduction of stress.

33. Wellness Programmes: Programmes that focus on employee’s physical and mental condition organized by the management are known as wellness programmes. As part of these programmes, workshops, seminars and counseling sessions are conducted to help the employees understand the dangers of smoking, alcoholism and drug abuse. Quality of Work Life: This technique involves improving the working conditions and other internal and external aspects of work life. Such as, providing good housing facilities, living conditions, social and recreational facilities, training and development of employees for overall development of human resources in the organisation will develop quality of work life.

34. CONCLUSION Stress management involves adopting strategies and techniques to cope with and reduce the negative effects of stress on physical and mental well-being. This process includes recognizing stressors, developing coping mechanisms, and implementing lifestyle changes to promote a healthier and more balanced life. Key elements of stress management may include mindfulness, relaxation techniques, time management, exercise, and seeking social support. The goal is to enhance resilience, improve overall quality of life, and prevent the adverse health effects associated with chronic stress

35. Question What are consequences of stress? Which are the individual strategies of coping up the stress? Which are the organizational strategies of stress reduction? Assignment: Discuss the creation of stress free environment in working area.

36. References Broman- Fulks , J. J., & Kelso, K. (2020, January 1). Stress Management. ResearchGate . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273946086_Stress_Management Saravanakumar , A. (2019, January 16). UNIT 4 STRESS MANAGEMENT. ResearchGate . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330409437_UNIT_4_STRESS_MANAGEMENT Worthen , M. (2023, August 14). Stress Management. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513300/ Turaga , R. (2019). Stress management techniques. IUP Journal of Soft Skills, 13(3), 56-64. Naylor, M., Ridout , B., & Campbell, A. (2020). A scoping review identifying the need for quality research on the use of virtual reality in workplace settings for stress management. Cyberpsychology , Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(8), 506-518. Hepburn, S. J., Carroll, A., & McCuaig , L. (2021). Exploring a complementary stress management and wellbeing intervention model for teachers: Participant experience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9009.