Stress strain analysis of metals using UTM.

this slide wil describe the various mechanical properties of metals like aluminium steel b

1. PBL PROJECT FUNDAMENTALS OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES MEE 205 TOPIC : Comparative studies of mechanical properties of different materials GUIDED BY PROF. DEIVANATHAN R PREPARED BY: SHUBHAM KUMAR 12BME0146 SANDEEP KUMAR 12BME0491 ABHISHEK CHANDRAKAR 12BME0444 ABHINAV PATHAK 12BME0514 GAURAV GOYAL 12BME0086 AMITESH GAVEL 12BME0081

2. Objectives To find and study the mechanical properties of materials and compare them by plotting the graph. Materials are -: Brass Mild steel Aluminium

3. Types of Mechanical properties Tensile strength->it is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking. Tensile strength is the opposite of compressive strength. Hardness ->it is a measure of how resistant solid matter is to various kinds of permanent shape change when a force is applied.

4. Cont… Ductility-> It is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to be streched . Young's modulus-> It is defined as the ratio of the stress along an axis over the strain along that axis in the range of stress in which Hooke's law holds.

5. Work plan We will take these three materials, measure their mechanical properties using respective instrument as mentioned above. We will plot the graph of properties these materials and do their compare their strength. We will study the importance of each material and its importance in different fields manufacturing industries.

6. Force, F (N) Elongation, D l (m) Plastic Deformation Elastic Deformation The Tensile Test

7. Equations Stress In Pa or N.mm 2 Strain No units

8. Elastic Behavior Hooke’s Law E= Young’s modulus A measure of stiffness

9. Tensile Test Tension test is carried out; to obtain the stress-strain diagram, to determine the tensile properties and hence to get valuable information about the mechanical behavior and the engineering performance of the material. The major parameters that describe the stress-strain Curve obtained during the tension test are the Tensile strength (UTS) Yield strength Elastic modulus (E) Toughness Ductility

10. Properties obtained from Tensile Test Young's Modulus : This is the slope of the linear portion of the stress-strain curve, it is usually specific to each material; a constant, known value . Ultimate Tensile Strength : This is the highest value of stress on the stress-strain curve. Ductility: It is the measure of the plastic deformation that has been sustained at fracture point. 10

11. Aluminium

12. General Properties General information Chemical formula: Al Molecular weight: I t is the second most malleable metal and sixth most ductile. Composition 1000 series (Al, Si) 3000 series (Al, Mn, Cu, Mg, Si, Fe) 5000 series ( Al, Mg, Mn, Si, Fe, Zn) 8000 series (Al, Sn, Ni, Si, Fe) 26.98

13. Properties of Aluminium Physical Properties Density: 2.7 g/cm 3 melting point : approx 580 C Mechanical properties Young's modulus - 45-72 GPa Poisson's ratio - 0.33 Tensile Strength - 70-360 MPa Hardness- V ickers - 30-100 Hv Yield Strength - 30- 286 MPa Compressive strength – 30- 286 MPa Elongation - 2-41 %

14. Table of results explained

15. GRAPH (aluminium)

16. Calculations Ultimate Tensile Strength= 97 MPa Yield Point = 74 MPa Modulus of Elasticity= 48.69 Gpa *As per the Graphical Values .

17. BRASS

18. Composition Alloy (copper with 5-40% zinc)

19. Properties Young’s modulus 90-110 GPa Yield strength 95-500 MPa Tensile strength 310-550 MPa Elongation 5-60 % Vickers hardness 65-220 HV Good malleability and corrosion resistance

20. Table of results explained

21. GRAPH(Brass)

22. Calculations Young’s modulus is the gradient of the straight line Modulus of Elasticity= 105.33 GPa Yield Strength= 158 MPa Ultimate Tensile Strength= 220MPa *As per the Graphical Values

23. Mild Steel

24. COMPOSITON AND PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL Also known as Low-Carbon Steel. Composition:- Ferum : 99.70%wt - 99.98%wt Carbon: 0.02%wt – 0.25%wt General properties : Density: 7800 – 7900 kgm -3 Mechanical properties: Modulus of Elasticity 100 – 150 GPa Yield Strength 130 – 200 MPa Tensile Strength 345 – 580 MPa Elongation 26% – 47% Hardness 107.5 – 172.5 HV

25. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND STRAIN FOR MILD STEEL

26. Calculations Modulus of Elasticity= 105.8 GPa Yield Strength= 140 MPa Ultimate Tensile Strength= 155 MPa *As per the Graphical Values

27. 7.1 Why do we compare? 28 Allows trends to be identified and plotted. To determine how are results might effect real life applications. To develop a standard, with which to compare others. It allows us to predict what might happen in later experiments (e.g. What a combination of the materials might exhibit).

28. Our Results

29. 7.3 Interpretation The three metals behaved in very different ways. Aluminium was the softest, more ductile of the three samples. Brass behaved in a less ductile manner. Order of toughness as obtained from graph: Mild Steel < Aluminium < Brass The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) varied greatly between metals. 30 It is clear from the graph that....

30. 7.4 Application- Aluminium Low energy plastic deformation. Low Density- Lightweight. Highly recyclable. 31 Key properties:

31. Key Properties: 32 7.4 Application- Brass Relatively Low Density. Higher elastic/plastic limit than aluminium, however still relatively low- malleable. Corrosive/tarnish resistant due to its zinc content. Decorative.

32. Key Properties: 33 7.4 Application- Mild Steel High UTS Very “stiff”- ideal for a wide range of civil applications. Cheap, carbon content.

33. THANK YOU