Structure of Ecosystem

Structure of Ecosystem In EVS(Environment Studies)

1. WELCOME STRUCTURE OF ECOSYSTEM PRESENTED BY : [RAHUL KUMAR (1322232)] PRESENTATION ON

2. WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM Definition An ecosystem is a community of living and non-living things that interact with each other in a particular environment. Living things: plants, animals and microorganism. non-living things: Air, Water, Soil etc. The term “ ECOSYSTEM ” was first coined by A.G. Tansley , An English botanist, in 1935 A.G. Tansley

3. STRUCTURE OF AN ECOSYSTEM Here, the term Structure refers to the various components of an Ecosystem. An Ecosystem has two major components: 1.Biotic Components (Living things) 2.Abiotic Components (Non-Living things)

4. 1. BIOTIC COMPONENTS : Biotic Structures refer to the living organisms in an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Classification of biotic components: Producer(Plants) Consumer(Animals) Decomposers(Micro-organisms)

5. I. PRODUCERS(Autotrophs): Producers are organisms that can make their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Examples: All green plants, trees, algae. They are the base of the food chain in an ecosystem and provide energy and nutrients to all other organisms. Producers synthesize their food themselves through photosynthesis. [ AUTOTROPHS- “Self-feeders”] II. CONSUMERS(Heterotrophs): Consumers are organisms that depend on other organisms for food. They cannot make own food.

6. There are three main types of Consumers: Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores I. HERBIVORES (Primary Consumer): Herbivores are also called Primary consumers. they directly depend on the plants for their food. So, they are called plant eaters. Examples: Insects, rat, goat, deer, cow etc.

7. II. CARNIVORES: These are consumers that eat other animals. They can be further divided into two sub-categories. PRIMARY CARNIVORES (Secondary consumers) SECONDARY CARNIVORES (Tertiary consumers)

8. SECONDARY CARNIVORES: These are a carnivores that eat other carnivores. Examples: Eagles, Killer whale, Tiger, Lion Hawks etc. They depend on primary carnivores . These are carnivores that eat herbivores. Examples: Snakes, Foxes, Dog, Cat, Moles, Birds etc. PRIMARY CARNIVORES:

9. OMNIVORES: These are consumers that eat both plants and animals. Examples: Human, Rat, Birds etc. DETRITIVORES (Detritus feeders): An animal that feeds on detritus or humus via internal digestion. Examples of detritivores include earthworms, snails, and some species of insects.

10. DECOMPOSERS: Decomposers are microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down dead organic matter into simpler substances. Examples: fungi, bacteria.

11. ABIOTIC COMPONENTS : The non-living components (physical and chemical) of ecosystem collectively form a community called abiotic components (or) abiotic community. Examples: Climate, Soil, Water, Air, Energy etc. They can be further divided into two sub-categories. Physical components Chemical Components

12. They are the sources of essential nutrients. • Organic substances: Protein, lipids, carbohydrates, etc. • Inorganic substances: All macro elements (C,H, O, Al, N, Cu) and few other elements. PHYSICAL COMPONENTS: Include the energy, climate, nutrients and living space that the biological community needs. They are useful for the growth and maintenance of it member. Examples: Air, water, soil, sunlight etc. CHEMICAL COMPONENTS:

13. THANK-YOU FOR YOUR TIME AND ATTENTION🙂🙂. contact Me: https://x.com/Rahullibraz https://www.linkedin.com/in/rahullibraz/ [email protected]