Structure of Sperm / Spermatozoon .pdf

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1. selfexplanatory.2022
HelloHI
नमस्ते
ْم
ُ
كْيالاع ُمالََّسلا
َِّللَّٱ ُةامْحاراو
ُهُتاكاراباو
Saba Parvin Haque
M.Sc. Life Sciences
(Specialization in Neurobiology)
from “Sophia College”
(Autonomous), Mumbai.

3. LABEL THE STRUCTURE?
Fig: ?
Fig: Sperm /
Spermatozoon

4. HOW IS SPERM PRODUCED & WITH WHICH PROCESS IT GET DEVELOPED?
Sperms or spermatozoa are produced by the germinal epithelium of seminiferous
tubules by the process of spermatogenesis.
WHAT DOES THE SPERM TRANSFER?
Sperm is a means of transport of genetic material from male too the oocyte of a female.
WHAT SET OF CHROMOSOMES DOES SPERM CONTAIN AND WHY?
Haploid set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes) & meiosis is taking place.
HOW LONG DOES THE SPERM BE ACTIVE?
It is short lived active gamete which has to find the egg for fusion within a minute most
of the time or else they perish.

5. BASIC STRUCTURE OF SPERM
1.Head
2.Neck
3.Midpiece
4.Principal piece
5.End Piece
The sperm is microscopic
structure and measures
about 65 μm in length in
human (Male).
1.Head 5μm
2.Neck 1μm
3.Midpiece 5μm
4.Tail 55μm
The structure of sperm varies from species to species, it is significantly similar in vertebrates.
Fig: Sperm Structure

6. HEAD OF SPERM/SPERMATOZOON
❑Head is the anterior most part of sperm and is
made of a cap like acrosome and nucleus.
1.Acrosome:
•It contains certain acrosomal
polysaccharides: galactose, mannose,
fructose and hexosamine and many enzymes
specially hydrolases.
•It also contains two proteolytic enzymes
called as hyaluronidase and acrosin which
help in the entry of sperm into the ovum during
fertilization
2.Nucleus:
•It occupies major part of the head.
•It comprises of DNA and Nuclear proteins
and thus is responsible for the transmission of
hereditary characters. Hexosamine
Acrosin

7. NECK OF SPERM/SPERMATOZOON
❑NECK
•Neck is a constricted junction between the head
and mid-piece.
•It carries anterior proximal centriole and the
posterior distal centriole.
•The distal centriole gives rise to central axial
filaments called axoneme made of
microtubules to support the tail region which is
used for locomotion.
•Neck also contains two or three mitochondria
and which lie in continuation with the anterior
mitochondria of mid-piece.
Fig: Sperm Structure
https://images.app.goo.gl/XhhA7XpVJEboUQWe6

8. TAIL OF SPERM/SPERMATOZOON
❑Tail or flagellum is the locomotory organelle of sperm and its length is
approximately three fourth the total length of the sperm. The sperm moves in a
fluid medium inside the female genital tract by the undulating movement of the tail.
1.Mid-piece
•Mid-piece lies between neck and principal piece of tail.
•It is made of an axial filament surrounded by helix of mitochondria and little
amount of cytoplasm.
•Mitochondria in mid-piece play an important role of power house to enable
the tail (flagellum) to perform locomotion so as to reach the egg.
2.Principle piece
•It is the second part of the tail consisting of the axoneme having microtubules
arranged as 9 doublets peripherally and 2 single ones in the center (typical
9+2 arrangement of an axoneme).
•Surrounding this arrangement of microtubules is a sheath made of nine ring
fibers.
•The fibrous sheath terminates at the commencement of the end piece.
3.End-piece
•The end piece has axoneme extending in it but is without fibrous sheath.
•The number of microtubules is reduced merely to a pair of singlet microtubules
at its terminal end.
(Alves et al., 2020)

9. •The structure of sperms varies in both
invertebrates and vertebrates.
•The size of sperm ranges from 0.018 mm in
Amphioxus to as large as 2.25 mm in toad.
•The shape of the head also varies from species to
species. For e.g.
•Branched or star-shaped in crustaceans and
salamander;
•Spherical in teleosts;
•Lance-shaped in amphibians and domestic fowl;
•Hook-shaped in mouse and rat;
•Spoon-shaped in several mammals including man. Types of Sperm In Animal
TYPES OF SPERM IN ANIMALS

10. TYPES OF SPERM IN ANIMALS
•The sperms may be flagellate or non-flagellate (Ascaris
and some crustaceans).
•Flagellate sperms may be uniflagellate having a single
flagellum (many animals), biflagellate having two
flagella (toad fish and flatworm) and multi-flagellate
having many flagellae (some crustaceans and
cladocerans).
•In uniflagellate sperms the head differ in shape
according to species e.g.
•Rat has sickle shaped,
•Amphioxus, bull, rabbit, horse and humans have
club shaped.
•Domestic fowl has lancet shaped head of the
sperm. Types of Sperm In Animal

11. Fig: Schematic figure representing the spermatozoa with satisfactory (left) and unsatisfactory (right)
morpho-functional features, (Alves et al., 2020).
Fig: Sperm Morphology; https://images.app.goo.gl/HTKJ8FF25SC6eMCW7
Fig: Sperm Morphology: https://images.app.goo.gl/u3xKHRKqgsMM6JBs7
ABNORMAL SPERM MORPHOLOGY

12. References
Reproduction, Embryology and pollution (2nd ed.). (2018). University of Mumbai.
Alves, Maíra & Carvalho Celeghini, Eneiva Carla & Belleannée, Clémence. (2020). From Sperm Motility to Sperm-Borne microRNA Signatures: New Approaches to Predict Male Fertility Potential.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 8. 791. 10.3389/fcell.2020.00791.
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