STUDY OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITIES OF ENDOPHYTES ISOLATED FROM TURMERIC(Curcuma longa)

The present study explores the plant growth-promoting potential of endophytic microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of Turmeric (Curcuma longa). Turmeric is a widely cultivated spice crop known for its medicinal properties, and understanding the role of endophytes in promoting its growth can provide valuable insights for sustainable agriculture. Endophytic microorganisms were isolated from various plant tissues, including roots and shoots of turmeric plants. The isolated strains were characterized using molecular techniques, and their
identity was confirmed through phylogenetic analysis. Subsequently, a series of
in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the plant growth- promoting (PGP) activities of these endophytes. The results demonstrated that the isolated endophytes exhibited diverse PGP traits, including indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) production, gibberellic acid production, ammonia production, nitrate reduction, phosphate solubilization, zinc solubilization, potassium solubilization and extracellular enzyme production (ligase, protease, and amylase). Inoculation of turmeric plants with these endophytes resulted in enhanced plant growth parameters such as shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, width of leaves, fresh weights (stem, leaf and whole plant) and biomass accumulation, compared to non-inoculated controls. Furthermore, the study investigated the impact of
endophyte inoculation on turmeric's resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The endophyte-inoculated plants exhibited increased tolerance to various stress conditions, highlighting the potential of these endophytes in enhancing plant
resilience. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the plant growth promoting activities of endophytic microorganisms associated with turmeric. Harnessing the potential of these endophytes could contribute to the development
of sustainable agricultural practices, promoting the growth and resilience of
turmeric crops. Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying these plant-microbe interactions and their potential
applications in agriculture.

1. WELCOME

2. STUDY OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITIES OF ENDOPHYTES ISOLATED FROM TURMERIC (Curcuma longa) PRESENTED BY: ATHUL KT REG NO : 210021040519  BSC. BIOTECHNOLOGY, IGCAS UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: Ms. MAJIDA RAHIM   PhD SCHOLAR  CASHEW EXPORT PROMOTION COUCIL OF INDIA (CEPCI)

3. INTRODUCTION  The word endophyte  " endon " = within " phyton " =plant Microorganisms, which colonize symptomless in living plant tissue without causing any immediate, overt, negative effect on the plants.  Curcuma longa , commonly known as turmeric is belongs to the ginger family, Zingiberaceae .is a perennial herb characterized by oblong, pointed leaves and a rhizome that grows underground .Contains curcumin, a bioactive compound known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential anticancer properties .

4. AIM  & OBJECTIVE This study investigates the growth promoting activities of endophytic microorganisms from turmeric, focusing on their role in enhancing plant growth and development. Aim of this study is to investigate the plant growth promoting activities of endophytic microorganisms isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa) with the goal of understanding their potential role in enhancing the growth and development of the host plant.

5. METHODS

6. METHODS IN BREIF... STAGE 1 : Collection and processing of sample. STAGE 2 : Surface sterilization                         Homogenization with motor and  piston                        Serial dilution STAGE 3 : Colony characterization                          Gram's staining STAGE 4 : Phosphate ,Zinc & Potassium solubilizations (qualitative and quantitative analysis)                        Nitrate reduction and Ammonia production STAGE 5 : Indole acetic acid and Gibberellic acid (qualitative and quantitative analysis)       STAGE 6 : Lipase, Amylase & Protease production  STAGE 7 : Plant growth experiments by pot experiments                         Weights and measurements of plant              

7. RESULTS SL    NO   :       CHARACTERISTIC   ICS                     T1                     T2                       T3                      T4                      T5         1    Colony size      <1mm      1-2mm    3-  4mm        3-  4mm       <1mm   2    Colony margin       Entire       Entire   Undula   te    Filamentous        Entire   3    Colony form        Circular        Circular   Irregular   Filamentous        Circular   4    Colony elevation         Flat       Raised       Raised          Flat         Flat   5    Form    Punctiform        Circular   Irregular   Filamentous        Circular   6    Colony appearance      Opaque   Translucent      Opaque  e          Opaque   Translucent   7    Color of colonies    colorless    colorless    Brown   color    Orange color    colorless    STREAKED PLATE OF BACTERIAL COLONIES 1.PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION

8. Countinue ......... SL    NO:        ORGANISMS    GRAM +VE  OR     GRAM –VE                   SHAPE AND    ARRANGEMENTS OF     CELLS       1               T1    Gram positive    Cocci shaped; organism was observed in short chain and grape like clusters       2               T2      Gram positive     Cocci shaped; organism observed as single not as grape like clusters        3               T3      Gram negative     Rod shaped       4               T4    Gram positive    Cocci shaped       5               T5    Gram positive    Short rod shaped    GRAM'S  STAINING

9. . 2.PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITIES  ZINC SOLUBILIZATION                                                                             POTASSIUM SOLUBILIZATION DAY:7     T1     T2     T3     T4     T5   Colony diameter (mm)       _   7.5       _   6   4   Zone diameter (mm)       _   19.5       _   14   6   Total diameter(mm)       _   27       _   20   10   KSI       _   3.6       _   3.333   2.5     NITRATE REDUCTION  

10.                        PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZATION                                            AMMONIA PRODUCTION

11. 3.EXTRACELLULAR   CELLULAR ENZYME PRODUCTION                                              TABLES                                                                                              FIGURES  LIPASE         T1          T2           T3           T4           T5   Colony diameter   (mm)   5mm  8mm  3mm  11mm  _  Zone diameter   (mm)   14mm  9mm  5mm  7mm  _  AMAYLASE         T1           T2           T3           T4           T5   Colony diameter   (mm)     _     _  8mm 8mm  9mm          Zone diameter   (mm)      _     _ 13mm 10mm  11mm        PROTEASE         T1           T2           T3           T4           T5   Colony diameter   (mm)   9mm  5mm           _  10mm           _  Zone diameter   (mm)   11mm  10mm          _  15mm         _ 

12. 4.GROWTH HORMONE PRODUCTION  INDOLE ACETIC ACID PRODUCTION  INDOLE  ACETIC ACID PRODUCTION

13. 5.PLANT GROWTH STUDIES BY POT EXPERIMENTS     SL NO:   PARAMETERS              T2              T4             T5   Ctrl: NB   Ctrl: DW     C     P     S     C     P     S     C     P     S           1   Shoot length(cm)   _   5.7   11.3   _   _   11.5   7.7   _   12   7   5.6           2   No. of leaves   _   2   2   _   _   2   _   _    2   2   2           3   Leaf length(cm)   _   2.6   2.7   _   _   3.3   _   _   3.5   2.1   1.7           4        Leaf width(cm)   _   1.7   2   _   _   2.3   _   _   2.3   1.9   1.9                       DAY 2     SL NO:   PARAMETERS              T2              T4             T5   Ctrl: NB   Ctrl: DW     C     P     S     C     P     S     C     P     S           1   Shoot length(cm)   _   2.3   28   9   22.5   21.1   23   10.5   22.5   24.5   18.3           2   No. of leaves   _   6   5   5   5   5   5   8   5   5   5           3   Leaf length(cm)   _   6.2   7   2   5.5   6.5   8   3.5   5.5   5.5   5.5           4        Leaf width(cm)   _   3.8   3.8   2.4   3.4   3.5   4   2.4   4   2.7   3.8   DAY 12

14. 6.WEIGHTS AND MEASURMENTS                                      TABLES                                                                                                        FIGURES SL NO :         PARAMETERS                                       T2     CULTURE         PELLET   SUPERNATANT   1   Whole plant weight(g)                _   2.43377   2.93634   2   Leaf weight(g)                _   1.25227   1.39734   3   Shoot weight(g)                _   1.16260   1.51091   SL NO :        PARAMETERS                                          T4     CULTURE         PELLET   SUPERNATANT   1   Whole plant weight(g)   1.10784   1.49372   2.54965   2   Leaf weight(g)   0.49812   0.67351   1.31976   3   Shoot weight(g)   0.59234   0.80742   1.22060   SL NO :        PARAMETERS                                       T5       CULTURE         PELLET   SUPERNATANT   1   Whole plant weight(g)   2.93218   1.28387   1.96065   2   Leaf weight(g)   1.45205   0.68341   0.98021   3   Shoot weight(g)   1.49655   0.59384   0.98675  

15. DISCUSSION Bacterial endophytes, which colonize the interior tissues of plants, play a crucial role in stimulating plant development.  Studies, such as the one conducted by Santoyo et al. (2016b), indicate similarities in the growth-promotion mechanisms between rhizospheric bacteria and endophytic bacteria. Research on endophytic bacteria isolated from turmeric plants ( Curcuma longa ) revealed their proficiency in promoting plant growth through various mechanisms, including the production of extracellular enzymes and essential nutrients.  These findings suggest the potential of utilizing these endophytes as biofertilizers or biocontrol agents to enhance nutrient absorption, stress tolerance, and overall plant vigor in agriculture and environmental cleanup techniques

16. CONCLUSION Reveals promising insights into the intricate relationship between plants and their microbial inhabitants. Endophytes contribute to the growth and health of their host plant. Promotion of root development to the enhancement of nutrient uptake & stress tolerance These endophytic organisms play a pivotal role in bolstering the overall vitality and resilience of Curcuma longa. Their potential applications in agricultural practices for sustainable crop production and environmental conservation.

17. FUTURE ASPECTS …. Sustainable Agriculture Climate Change Resilience Phytoremediation Enhancing Plant Properties Bioactive Compounds Production Forestry and Landscape Management : Legal and Ethical Development

18. THANK  YOU