Study of vco_Voltage controlled Oscillator

Voltage controlled Oscillator,Voltage controlled oscillator is a type of oscillator where the frequency of the output oscillations can be varied by varying the amplitude of an input voltage signal.Voltage controlled oscillators are commonly used in frequency (FM), pulse (PM) modulators and phase locked loops (PLL). Another application of the voltage controlled oscillator is the variable frequency signal generator itself.

1. Study of VCO Physics Department Msc 1 Swapnil Barve Neha Mannewar

2. Abstract Voltage controlled oscillator is a type of oscillator where the frequency of the output oscillations can be varied by varying the amplitude of an input voltage signal.Voltage controlled oscillators are commonly used in frequency (FM), pulse (PM) modulators and phase locked loops (PLL). Another application of the voltage controlled oscillator is the variable frequency signal generator itself. Block diagram of a typical voltage controlled oscillator is shown below.

3. Introduction LM566 is a  monolithic voltage controlled oscillator  from  National semiconductors. It can be used to generates square and triangle waveforms simultaneously.  The frequency of the output waveform can be adjusted using an external control voltage.  The output frequency can be also programmed using a set of external resistor and capacitor. Typical applications of LM566 IC are signal generators, FM modulators, FSK modulators, tone generators etc.  While using single supply, the supply voltage range is from 10V to 24V. The IC has a very linear modulation characteristics and has excellent thermal stability.

4. Diagram Part I:

5. Part II:

6. Working:

7. IC566 contains current sources to charge and discharge an external capacitor at rate set by an external resisitor R1 and the modulating DC input voltage V. A 0.001 uf capacitor is connected to pin5 and pin6. A Schmitt trigger circuit is used to switch current sources between charging and discharging and the triangular voltage produced accross the capacitor and square wave from scmitt trigger action are provided as outputs through buffer amplifiers The Schmitt trigger swiches the current from charging and discharging the capacitor The IC charges and discharges the external capacitorC1 through external resistor R1. A traingular waveform is obtained by passing the voltage accross the Capacitor C1 through buffer amplifier 2 and obtained as output through pin4 The voltage waveform accross the capacitor when passed through a Schmitt trigger which passed through Buffer amplifier1 produces square waveform at pin 3 Modulating voltage Vcc should be in range of 3/4Vcc < Vc < Vcc where Vcc is supply DC voltage Vcc should be on range of 10 - 24 volts. VCO is commonly used in low-frequency signals such as ECG (Electrocardiograms) into an audio frequency range.  

8. Designing: We assume = 10 kΩ, = 10 kΩ, = 1.5 kΩ = 0.001µF = +12V   We have, (By Voltage Divider Theorem) And So, = = = 10.4347 ≈ 11V  

9. Also for, = = = 2 × = 0.167 = 16.7kHz Part II We Assume that =10k 10k =22kΩ, = 1.5kΩ, = 0.001µF  

10. Observation Table: Part I: Types of Wave Time Amplitude Frequency Square wave       Triangular wave      

11. Part II: Sr.No Value of Types of Wave Amplitude Time(T) Frequency 1   Sqaure       2   Sqaure       3   Sqaure       Sr.No Types of Wave Amplitude Time(T) 1   Sqaure       2   Sqaure       3   Sqaure      

12. Trace: T= 2 * 10µs A=1* 5v T= 3.4 * 10µs A= 6v

13. Block Diagram of IC 566: A practical example of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is the LM566. The LM566 is a general purpose VCO which may be used to generate square wave and triangular waveforms as a function input voltage. The LM566 is specified for operation over 0˚C to 70˚C temperature range. The frequency of which is a linear function of a controlling voltage. The frequency is also controlled by an external resistor and capacitor, whose values control the free running frequency.

14. Pin Description: Pin 1: Ground (GND) Pin 2: No connection (NC) Pin 3: Square wave output Pin 4: Triangular wave output Pin 5: Modulation input Pin 6: Timing resistor Pin 7: Timing capacitor Pin 8: Vcc Features: The maximum operating voltage is 10V to 24V High temperature stability Operating temperature is 0˚C to 70˚C The frequency can be controlled by means of current, voltage, resistor or capacitor Power dissipation is 300mV Excellent  power supply rejection  

15. Application: Electronic jamming equipment. Function generator. Production of electronic music, for production of different types of noise. Phase locked loop. Frequency synthesizers, used in communication circuits. FSK (Frequency shift keying) Clock generator