Styles and Types of Garden Presentation.pptx

Styles and Types of Garden

1. What is Garden? Garden is a planned outdoor space where plants are cultivated for various purposes, such as growing food, for flowers or creating beautiful landscape.

2. Types of Garden Formal Gardens Informal Gardens Wild Gardens Free Style Gardens

3. Formal Gardens First plan is made on paper & than land is selected accordingly. Land is leveled. Symmetrical and geometric design Geometrical beds & borders. Roads and paths are cut at right angle Balance is symmetrical as same feature replicated on both sides of central axis. Trimmed hedges, edges & topiary Individual plants are selected as feature. Mughal, Persian, French, Italian gardens.

4. Rashtrapati Bhavan Garden

5. Informal Gardens Plan is forced to fit the land. Main aim is to capture the natural scenery. Land is not leveled. Asymmetric design. Non-geometrical beds and borders. Untrimmed hedges, edges and topiary. Individual plants are not selected as features. Japanese, Chinese, E nglish gardens .

6. Wild Gardens Concept was given by “William Robinson” in 19 th century. His main idea was to naturalize the plant shrubberies. No rules of gardening are followed in this style of gardening. Grass should remain unmowed , few bulbous plants should be grown scattered in the grass to imitate a wild scenery.

7. Free Style Gardens In free style gardening best of both formal and informal is used to secure the most picturesque effect.

8. Types of Gardens

9. Persian Gardens Based on idea of heaven, where cool water flows . Beautiful architectural work . Laid out after cutting terraces . Water flowing canals . The fruit trees represented symbol of life. Planted cypress as symbol of death and eternity . Crafted material such as masonry, carved and pierced marble stones and highly polished stones.

10. Mughal Gardens Site near hill slope with perennial rivulet. Gardens enclosed with walls & fitted with tall gates. Garden has at least seven, eight or twelve terraces symbolizing 7 planets, 8 paradise or 12 zodiac with entrance at the lower terrace. Running water in canals Terminal building Baradari with twelve door three in every direction. Symbolism and plant material.

11. The garden laid out during the rule of Mughal Emperor in India are known as Mughal gardens . Barbur was the first Mughal Emperor to introduce this style of garden in India. The main features of Mughal gardens , which are largely borrowed from the Persian style are(a) site & style of design (b) walls (c) gates (d) terrace(e) nahar or running waters (f) baradari (g) often a tomb or a mosque and (h) trees. Site & design :- Mughal were very choosy about the selection of site & always preferred a site on hill slope with a perennial rivulets or along the bank of a river . Mughal gardens are generally rectangular or square in shape & different architectural features are the main stay of the design .

12. Wall & Gates :- The Mughals created the gardens not only for pleasure & recreation but also as forts, & residences surrounded by high walls & with an imposing wooden gate at the entrance which was studded with bold iron nails & pointed iron spikes. The purpose of the high walls was security from the enemies & shelter against hot winds. The gardens were a place of peace for the Emperor to enjoy with their wives & concubines .

13. Terraces :- The Mughal came hilly terrains & so they were fond of terraces in the gardens. For this reason they used to select the location of gardens near hill slopes. Their fascination for terrace was so intense that even in the plains of Punjab they created artificial terraces. According to Islamic faith the Paradise has eight divisions & hence some times the garden have eight terraces corresponding to eight divisions or occasionally the garden may be composed of seven terraces also representing the seven planets.

14. Running water :- The style for having running water by constructing canals & tanks was borrowed from Persians. The water canals were paved with tiles (or marbles) of blue color to create the illusion of depth. The course of water used to be maneuvered in various ways taking advantages of each slope, however small it may be, to break up the flow into artificial falls & ripples. The water canals used to have fountains to throw up the water high in the air. In the evening small lamps to be illuminated to create beautiful reflex ions. The fascination for water came from the Muslim faith which says that the promised paradise is the place where cooling water flow. With this bias for water Mughal selected site on hill slopes to tap a running rivulet or spring for source of water. In the plains of India, where the summers are hot, Mughals utilized water for its cooling effect.

15. Baradari :- This is nothing but a arbour like structure, but made of stone & masonry with a puuca roof & a raised platform for sitting. These were usually provided with twelve or occasionally more doors on all sides for the Emperor to watch the performance of the dancing girls.

16. Tomb or Mosque : - it was a common practice to have the gardens built around a tomb ( eg . Taj Mahal , Akbar tomb at Sikandra ). It is often said that the mughal gardens were at their best when built around a monument . Humayun’s Tomb, New Delhi

17. Trees & Flowers : - The tree were selected with careful planning & thought, as to Mughals each tree symbolized something, like life, young, death etc . Fruit tree were considered symbols of life & youth, while, cypress represented death & eternity. The Mughal had bias for spring flowering trees & flowers. The seasonal flower bed were geometric pattern & constructed along the water canals or near the main buildings. The favorite flowers were rose, jasmine, carnation, hollyhock, delphinium, etc.

18. Taj Mahal , Agra

19. Nishant Bagh , Kashmir

20. Chasme Shahi , Kashmir

21. French Gardens Symmetry and geometry. Very intricate and artificial. Earlier French gardens were nothing but the copies of Italian garden. The new style of gardening now known as French style islargley , rather solely, due to the efforts of “ Le Notre” who served in the Royal garden of Louis XIV from 1643to 1700. His main creation, the garden of Versallies , have avenues which are memorable for their tremendous length and width. The moral of French Garden style was “How to Think Big”.

22. Key Features of French Garden Design A geometric plan. A central axis leads away from the house. Paths tend to be gravel and edged with clipped hedges and topiary laid out inn symmetrical patterns. Water is often key feature of French garden. Trees are always planted in straight lines adding perspective and reinforcing the symmetry of the garden. Statuary is often used in French Garden design. In the great French Formal gardens here is almost always a terrace from where the garden an its symmetry can be seen from the above.

23. Vaux Le Vicmote Garden, France

24. Italian Gardens There is a similarity between the Persian and Mughal styles- Use of heavy masonry features. Glamorous outdoor hall- showing off wealth and status. Prominent features are massive flight of stairs, generally of marble, to connect the different levels in the garden.

25. Features of Italian garden Decorative urns. Fountains generally in combination with stone sculptures. Statues.

26. English Gardens The English garden, also called English landscape work. It is a style of Landscape garden which emerged in England in the early 18 th century, and spread across Europe. Replacing the more formal, symmetrical of the 17 th century as the principle gardening style of Europe. The English garden presented an idealized view of nature.

27. Essential features of English gardens Lawn Herbaceous border Rockery Shrubbery

28. KEW GARDEN, LONDON

29. These are traditional gardens whose designs are accompanied by Japanese aesthetic and philosophical ideas, avoid artificial ornamentation, and highlight the natural landscape. The main purpose of a Japanese garden is to attempt to be a space that captures the natural beauties of nature.

30. Fences and gates