Stylish Fashion Creations Made from Non Woven Textile Fabric: Get My TBD

SEPTEMBER 2025
www.getmytbd.com
Plus: Online Version
Market Analysis
Agrotech Textiles
Technology Junction
Polypropylene
Building Block For Nonwoven Agrotextiles
Innovations In Textile Machinery
Agrotextiles For Sustainable Agriculture
Scan to
Download
TBD Mobile App

Agrotech textiles, a dynamic subset of technical textiles, are transforming
agriculture by blending innovation with practicality. These specialized fabrics,
designed for agricultural applications, enhance crop protection, improve yields,
and promote sustainable farming. From ancient uses of natural &#6684777;bers to modern
synthetic solutions, agrotech textiles have evolved into a vital tool for addressing
global food security and environmental challenges.
These textiles come in various forms, including woven, non-woven, and knitted
fabrics. Woven textiles, like anti-hail nets, offer durability for protective applications,
while non-woven mulch mats suppress weeds and conserve soil moisture. Knitted
fabrics, such as shade nets, dominate due to their &#6684780;exibility and cost-effectiveness.
Key products include crop covers, &#6684777;shing nets, greenhouse shades, and erosion-
control geotextiles, each tailored to speci&#6684777;c agricultural needs. For instance, shade
nets regulate light and temperature, while mulch mats made from natural &#6684777;bers like
jute enhance soil health. However, in this edition of TBD Non-Woven Textiles on
Agritech Textiles we would be focusing on Non-Woven Agrotech Textiles products.
The Agrotech textile market is thriving, with global estimates projecting growth from
$9.37 billion in 2021 to $13.04 billion by 2028, driven by rising demand for high-
quality crops and sustainable practices. Historically, textiles in agriculture relied
on natural &#6684777;bers, but the shift to synthetics like polyole&#6684777;ns in the 20th century
improved durability and affordability. Today, consumer preferences are shifting
toward eco-friendly options, fueled by concerns over plastic pollution and climate
change. Biodegradable materials, such as bio-based mulch &#6684777;lms, are gaining
traction for their minimal environmental impact.
Applications of Agrotech textiles are vast, spanning crop protection, aquaculture,
and horticulture. They reduce pesticide use, conserve water, and shield crops
from harsh weather, boosting yields by up to 40% in some cases. In the U.S.,
the market reached $451.4 million in 2022, while Asia-Paci&#6684777;c leads globally due
to rapid urbanization and supportive policies in countries like India and China.
Technological advancements, such as UV-resistant fabrics and smart textiles with
sensors, are revolutionizing precision agriculture. Sustainability remains a priority,
with innovations in recyclable and biodegradable textiles reducing reliance on
petroleum-based products. As farmers embrace these solutions, agritech textiles
are sowing the seeds for a greener, more productive future.
In this edition of Non-Woven Textiles dedicated to Agrotech Textile Products, we
have tried to deliberate upon the underlying products and innovations, global
markets analysis and technological advancements. Happy reading…
Editor’s Foreword
Publisher
UNIFIED KNOWLEDGE
SERVICES PVT. LTD.
Sixth &#6684780;oor, C 56/16, Sector
62,Noida, Uttar Pradesh
201309, INDIA
Email : [email protected]
website: www.uksl.in
Ravi B. Arora
CEO
Rashi Arora
Director
Kumar Abhishek
Director
Alok Satyadev
Editor in Chief
Imran Ahmad
Head-IT
Maninder Singh
Sr. Visual & Graphic Designer
Neha Arya
Visual & Graphic Designer
Shubham
Research Analyst
Noopur Padalia
Research Analyst
Advisors:
Dr. S.M. Ishtiaque
Prof. I.I.T Delhi
Mr. Ashok Juneja
Ex President, TAI
Mr. Gurudas Aras
Independent Director
& Strategic Advisors
Mr. Sharad Tandon
CEO, Standon Consulting

Contents
Focus Product:
Agrotech Textile
AGROTEXTILES: THE INNOVATIVE
SHIELD FOR AGRICULTURE 04
EXPLORING TEXTILE APPLICATIONS
IN AGROTECH 08
AGROTEXTILES: THE FABRIC REVOLUTION
RESHAPING MODERN FARMING 12
BIODEGRADABLE AGROTEXTILES
FOR FUTURE GROWTH 16
04
Market Analysis :
Agrotech Textile 20
GLOBAL AGRO TEXTILE MARKET 20
GLOBAL AGRO TEXTILE MARKET FORECAST 21
INDIAN AGRO TEXTILE MARKET 22
INDIAN AGRO TEXTILE MARKET FORECAST 23
COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 28
NONWOVEN AGROTECH
ENABLERS AND RESTRAINTS 32
Technology Junction
State at Glance
POLYPROPYLENE BUILDING BLOCK FOR
NONWOVEN AGROTEXTILES 36
INNOVATIONS IN TEXTILE MACHINERY 41
AGROTEXTILES FOR SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE 46
HARYANA 52
36
52

4
Market Analysis
The agriculture industry is increasingly turning towards
textiles for improving productivity, protection, and
sustainability. Their primary objective is to deliver
functional beneﬁts that enhance crop protection, yield,
and quality, rather than merely focusing on decorative
purposes. While agrotextiles can be manufactured
through weaving, knitting, or nonwoven technologies,
nonwoven agrotextiles have captured substantial
attention in recent decades due to their versatile
functionality, economic production, and adaptability to
diverse climatic conditions. Agrotextiles refer to textile
materials specially designed for use in agriculture and
horticulture. These textiles can be woven, nonwoven, or
knitted:
•Characteristics: Interlaced
yarns, strong and durable
•Typical Use in Agriculture:
Nets, shade cloths, crop covers
Woven
•Characteristics: Bonded fibers
without weaving/knitting,
lightweight and breathable
•Typical Use in Agriculture:
Crop protection covers, mulch
mats, root bags
Nonwoven
•Characteristics: Protective
nets, shading screens
•Typical Use in Agriculture:
Protective nets, shading
screens
Knitted
Historically, the concept of using textiles in agriculture
traces back centuries, with simple techniques such as
using cloth sheets to protect delicate plants from frost.
However, the modern term “agrotextiles” emerged
alongside the development of synthetic ﬁbers and
industrial textile production methods in the mid-20th
century. The green revolution and increasing food
demand spurred signiﬁcant interest in methods that
could shield crops from environmental adversities and
extend growing seasons. Consequently, agrotextiles
evolved from basic protective coverings to highly
engineered fabrics, specially designed for agriculture’s
unique demands.
Fiber selection is crucial in the design and manufacture
of agrotextiles. While natural ﬁbers like jute, cotton, and
coir have historical relevance, contemporary agrotextiles
predominantly use synthetic ﬁbers. Polypropylene,
AGROTEXTILES: AGROTEXTILES:
THE INNOVATIVE SHIELD THE INNOVATIVE SHIELD
FOR AGRICULTUREFOR AGRICULTURE

5
Market Analysis
strength, air permeability, and uniformity all essential for
agricultural applications. Meltblown nonwovens, on the
other hand, produce ultra-ﬁne ﬁbers and are ideal for
creating lightweight fabrics for crop protection against
insects and
ﬁne dust.
Needle-
punched
nonwovens,
where
ﬁbers are
mechanically
entangled
using barbed
needles,
are employed for manufacturing mulch mats and
ground covers, providing excellent durability and water
permeability.
Performance requirements for agrotextiles differ based
on their application. For example, crop covers and row
covers need to balance breathability with protection
from external elements. They must allow sufﬁcient light
transmission for photosynthesis while offering barriers
against frost, insects, and heavy rainfall. Mulch mats
require robustness against soil erosion, the ability to
polyester, polyethylene, and polyamide are the most
commonly utilized materials. These ﬁbers offer essential
characteristics such as UV resistance, mechanical
strength, moisture resistance, and chemical stability,
which are necessary to endure prolonged exposure
to sunlight, moisture ﬂuctuations, pesticides, and soil
chemistry. Among these, polypropylene has become
particularly popular for nonwoven agrotextiles due to its
low cost, lightweight nature, and ease of fabrication.
Among these, nonwoven agrotextiles are gaining
major importance due to their versatile properties
like lightweight structure, air and water permeability,
cost-effectiveness, and ability to create a favorable
microclimate for crops. Nonwoven Agricultural Textiles:
Manufacturing techniques for agrotextiles vary based on
the desired end-use properties. Nonwoven technologies,
including spunbonding, meltblowing, needle-punching,
and thermal bonding, have been instrumental in the
proliferation of agricultural fabrics. In spunbonded
nonwovens, polymer granules are melted and extruded
through ﬁne spinnerets to form continuous ﬁlaments,
which are laid onto a conveyor belt and bonded thermally.
This method produces fabrics with excellent tensile
Feature Description

Structure
Web of fibers bonded together mechanically, thermally
or chemically

Properties
Lightweight, porous, UV-resistant, biodegradable
(in some types), cost-effective
Primary Uses
in Agriculture
Crop protection, Weed control, Soil erosion prevention,
Moisture retention, Seed germination

6
Market Analysis
suppress weed growth, and the capacity to regulate
soil temperature and moisture levels. Protective nets,
commonly used in orchards and vineyards, must
offer resistance to UV degradation and mechanical
impacts such as hailstorms. Thus, agrotextiles are not
merely passive barriers; they actively interact with their
environment, creating microclimates that signiﬁcantly
inﬂuence plant physiology.
Among the many applications of nonwoven agrotextiles,
crop protection covers are the most widespread. These
lightweight, breathable fabrics are draped directly over
crops, forming a semi-permeable barrier that fosters
early germination by maintaining warmer temperatures
and reducing desiccation. In regions susceptible to late
spring frosts or sudden temperature drops, these covers
act as a crucial buffer, safeguarding tender seedlings
and ensuring uninterrupted growth cycles.
The innovation behind nonwoven fabrics lies not just in
their structure, but in their tailor-made functionalities.
Some are spun-bonded for strength, others needle-
punched for ﬂexibility. Some disintegrate naturally,
while others last season after season. With growing
research and development, we now have UV-stabilized
nonwovens, biodegradable ﬁlms, and even smart
textiles embedded with sensors.
Application Area Roles Benefits
Crop Covers / Floating
Row Covers
Covering crops during
germination and growth
Frost protection, pest barrier,
microclimate control
Mulch Mats Placed around plants and roots Weed suppression, moisture
conservation
Root Bags / Seed
Blankets
Biodegradable pots or blankets
embedded with seeds
Promotes germination, easy
transplanting
Soil Stabilization Mats Erosion control on slopes and
embankments
Prevents topsoil loss,
encourages plant rooting
Greenhouse Shading /
Thermal Screens
Light-diffusing or heat-retaining
covers
Temperature and humidity
control

Applications of Nonwoven Textiles in Agriculture

7
Market Analysis
06 - 07- 08
NOVEMBER 2025
YASHOBHOOMI
Sector 25, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
Convention Center (IICC)
HYGIENE TECHNOLOGY
NEXT-GENERATION
for Modern Needs
RESERVE
YOUR
SPACE
[email protected] | www.hygienexasia.com
+91 91734 40725
Concurrent Event
Strategic Alliance
Partner

8
Market Analysis EXPLORING TEXTILE APPLICATIONS EXPLORING TEXTILE APPLICATIONS
IN AGROTECHIN AGROTECH
Mulch Mat:
Mulch mats, crafted from non-woven textiles, act as a
protective layer over the soil, helping farmers manage
weeds without the need for harsh chemicals. By
blocking sunlight from reaching the ground, these mats
prevent the growth of unwanted grasses and weeds,
keeping the soil clean and crop-friendly. They are made
from a variety of durable ﬁbers such as HDPE, LDPE,
polypropylene, and even eco-friendly wool. Beyond
weed control, mulch mats help retain soil moisture,
regulate temperature, and reduce erosion caused by
wind or rain.
They also promote healthier root development and
minimize the need for frequent irrigation. Widely used
in nurseries, gardens, and large-scale agriculture,
mulch mats are a sustainable solution for boosting
productivity. As environmental concerns grow, these
mats are proving to be an essential tool for modern,
eco-conscious farming.
Fruit Covers:
Fruit covers, often referred to as fruit bags or crop
covers, are an essential innovation in agrotech aimed
at safeguarding fruits from pests, diseases, sunburn,
and physical damage. Made from breathable, water-
resistant non-woven materials like polypropylene, these

9
Market Analysis
covers create a microenvironment around the fruit
that allows air and moisture to circulate while keeping
harmful elements out. By reducing the need for chemical
pesticides, they support cleaner, more organic fruit
production.
Fruit covers also enhance the visual appeal and uniform
ripening of the produce, which is crucial for market
value. Their lightweight and ﬂexible design make them
easy to apply and remove, saving labor time. Widely
used for fruits like mangoes, apples, and pomegranates,
these covers are helping farmers boost yield quality
while reducing crop loss. As demand for sustainable
farming grows, fruit covers are emerging as a smart,
eco-friendly solution for modern horticulture.
Sunscreen in Agrotextile:
This innovative fabric comes in the form of a ﬁnely
perforated, mesh-like woven material. It functions as a
smart shield, offering selective shading that regulates
the amount of sunlight reaching plants. The level of
shade can be customized by adjusting the net’s mesh
size, ensuring the perfect balance between light and
protection. This technology plays a crucial role in
safeguarding crops from harsh sunlight, reducing heat
stress, and promoting healthy growth.
It is especially useful in greenhouses and open-ﬁeld
farming, where climate control is essential. Moreover,
it helps in conserving water by reducing evaporation
and shielding tender plants from strong winds and
hail. As climate conditions grow more unpredictable,
agri-sunscreen is becoming an indispensable tool for
modern farming.
Harvesting Net: Harvesting nets are a vital part of
modern agriculture, designed to protect delicate fruits
and vegetables from insects, birds, and other external
threats. Made from strong yet lightweight materials like
HDPE, nylon, polypropylene, or cotton, these nets act
as a breathable barrier while allowing sunlight and air
to pass through. They help ensure that crops mature
naturally without damage, reducing the need for
chemical pesticides.
Harvesting nets are especially useful for fruits like
grapes, guavas, and pomegranates that are prone to
bird pecking. These nets also make it easier to collect
fallen produce, minimizing waste. By using such nets,
farmers can improve the quality and yield of their
harvest. In a time when sustainable and chemical-free
farming is gaining importance, harvesting nets offer a
smart and eco-friendly solution to crop protection.
Anti-Insect Fabric:
Anti-insect fabric is a high-performance, UV-stabilized
monoﬁlament polypropylene woven mesh, speciﬁcally
designed to shield crops from harmful insect invasions.
With a tightly woven structure of 32 strands per square
inch, it effectively blocks insects as small as 0.5
mm, acting as a physical barrier without the need for
pesticides. Commonly used in nurseries, polyhouses,
and agricultural ﬁelds, this fabric plays a crucial role
in maintaining plant health during the early stages of
growth.
It ensures better crop quality by reducing disease
transmission caused by insect pests. Its UV-resistant
nature adds to its durability, making it suitable for long-
term outdoor use. Additionally, it promotes natural air
circulation and sunlight penetration, creating an ideal
microclimate for plant development. As farmers move
towards more organic and eco-friendly practices,

10
Market Analysis
anti-insect fabric is becoming an essential tool for
sustainable crop protection.
Cold & Frost Control Fabric: Cold and frost control
fabric is a specially woven protective layer designed
to shield crops from harsh winter conditions, including
freezing temperatures and frost. Made from lightweight
yet durable polypropylene, this fabric acts like a thermal
blanket, insulating plants against sudden cold snaps
and icy winds. It is particularly useful in frost-prone
regions and during early planting seasons when young
seedlings are most vulnerable. By maintaining a slightly
warmer microclimate around the plants, it helps prevent
frostbite and cold-related damage.
The fabric is breathable, allowing moisture and air to
pass through while keeping the chill out. It also reduces
the risk of crop loss and enhances yield consistency.
Ideal for use in open ﬁelds, gardens, and nurseries,
cold and frost control fabric is an essential tool for
farmers aiming to extend growing seasons and protect
their crops naturally.
Root Ball Net:
Root Ball Netting is a modern innovation in agrotech that
simpliﬁes and enhances the process of transplanting
trees and shrubs. Made from durable, eco-friendly
mesh, it securely holds the soil around the roots,
maintaining the integrity of the root system during lifting,
transport, and storage. Unlike traditional hand-tying
methods using burlap and twine, this netting offers a
faster, cleaner, and more professional-looking solution.
It eliminates the need for bulky containers, reducing
costs and waste while improving efﬁciency.
Root ball netting not only speeds up packaging but
also ensures minimal root disturbance, helping plants
establish more quickly after transplanting. Ideal for
nurseries, landscapers, and horticulturists, it supports
healthier plant growth and gives a neat, uniform
appearance to root packages. As sustainable and time-
saving practices gain momentum, root ball netting is
becoming a valuable tool in modern horticulture.

11
Market Analysis

12
Market Analysis
Agrotextiles are specially designed textile products
used in agriculture and horticulture. They are crafted to
improve productivity, conserve resources, and optimize
the use of agricultural inputs. Today’s farmer is not just
a cultivator but a technician, a decision-maker, and
a problem solver and Agrotextiles are increasingly
becoming a crucial tool in this transformative journey.
The relevance of Agrotextiles in a farmer’s life today
cannot be overstated. With increasing climatic
unpredictability, degraded land quality, and shrinking
proﬁts, farmers need adaptable and cost-effective
solutions. Here’s why Agrotextiles are becoming vital:
AGROTEXTILESAGROTEXTILES
The Fabric Revolution Reshaping The Fabric Revolution Reshaping
Modern FarmingModern Farming
In the silent corners of lush ﬁelds, beyond the hum of
tractors and the rhythm of monsoons, lies a revolution
that’s rarely noticed Agrotextiles. While seeds and
soil have long been the iconic symbols of agriculture,
modern farming is being reimagined by the soft yet
powerful touch of textile technology. Agrotextiles are
not about clothing farmers but clothing their crops,
protecting their harvests, and helping them grow
better, faster, and stronger.

13
Market Analysis
Boosting Productivity:Byofferingprotection and creating
optimizedgrowthenvironments,Agrotextilesincreaseyieldper
acre.Cropsareless likelytobe damaged bypests,weather,or
weeds, leadingtohealthier,moreabundant harvests.
Enhancing Sustainability:Agrotextiles encourage non-
chemical approachestopest control and weed management.
They reduceexcessiveirrigation,conserve natural resources,
and are instrumentalin climate-smartagriculture.
Enabling Year-Round Farming:Withgreenhouses and
controlled environments created throughtextilestructures,
farmerscan grow crops even during off-seasons.
ImprovingQualityand Marketability:Protected crops not only
yieldmorebut arevisuallybetter free from pestmarks,weather
scarring,or disease patches.Thisincreasestheiracceptabilityin
high-end markets and exports.
EmpoweringSmallFarmers:Thoughinitiallyseen asa
technology forcommercialfarms,Agrotextiles are now being
embraced bysmalland marginal farmers,especiallywith
government schemesandsubsidiesinplace.Local production and
customsizinghave made themmoreaffordable.
Despite the evident beneﬁts and growing relevance
of agrotextiles in modern agriculture, their widespread
adoption remains limited due to several persistent
challenges. One of the primary barriers is the lack of
awareness among farmers, particularly those in remote
and rural areas. Many small and marginal farmers
are still unfamiliar with agrotextile applications and
are unaware of the potential these materials hold in
improving crop productivity, reducing input costs, and
ensuring sustainable farming practices.
Another signiﬁcant hurdle is the high initial investment
required for agrotextile products such as shade nets,
greenhouse covers, and mulching ﬁlms. Although these
materials promise long-term returns through increased
yields and reduced losses, the upfront capital required
for procurement and installation often deters small-
scale farmers from embracing these technologies.
In addition, the requirement of technical knowledge
and training for effective utilization poses a substantial

14
Market Analysis
challenge. The successful deployment of agrotextiles
demands an understanding of crop-speciﬁc needs,
climatic factors, and installation techniques. Without
access to proper training or extension support, farmers
may struggle to derive optimal beneﬁts from these
products.
Durability concerns also impact adoption rates.
Agrotextiles, particularly those made from synthetic
polymers, may degrade under extreme climatic
conditions such as intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation,
heavy rainfall, or strong winds. This limits their lifespan
and effectiveness, especially in regions experiencing
harsh agro-climatic stress.
Furthermore, disposal and environmental management
of agrotextiles pose additional complications. Most
synthetic agrotextiles are not biodegradable, leading to
concerns about post-use disposal and environmental
pollution. Without proper recycling mechanisms or
eco-friendly alternatives, these materials contribute to
agricultural waste, undermining the sustainability they
are designed to promote.
To overcome these challenges, governments, non-
governmental organizations (NGOs), and agri-tech
companies have begun playing an increasingly active
role in promoting the adoption of agrotextiles. Policy
interventions and ﬁnancial support mechanisms are
being implemented in various countries to make these
technologies more accessible. For instance, in India,
the National Horticulture Mission offers subsidies on the
purchase and installation of shade nets and mulching
ﬁlms, thereby reducing the ﬁnancial burden on farmers.
Internationally, countries such as Israel, the Netherlands,
and several Southeast Asian nations have demonstrated
the successful integration of agrotextiles through the
promotion of protected cultivation techniques. These
countries have adopted advanced agrotextile systems
to mitigate climatic risks, enhance productivity, and
meet export standards.
Simultaneously, research institutions and universities
are investing in the development of bio-based
agrotextiles, which aim to replace synthetic variants with
biodegradable and environmentally friendly alternatives.
These innovations address the environmental concerns
associated with disposal while maintaining the functional
beneﬁts required in modern agriculture.
Moreover, agricultural extension services and
educational institutions are conducting training
programs, awareness campaigns, and on-ﬁeld
demonstrations to familiarize farmers with agrotextile
applications. Through workshops, ﬁeld visits, and pilot

15
Market Analysis
The synergy between Agrotextiles and digital agriculture
holds the promise of further transforming farming from
a gamble into a science. Agrotextiles might not sing,
but they surely whisper stories of progress in every ﬁeld
they touch. They are threads of hope, woven quietly into
the very soil of farming life. In a world where farmers are
under pressure to produce more with less, Agrotextiles
offer a gentle yet ﬁrm support.
They symbolize a bridge between tradition and
innovation, between nature and technology. For the
farmer who rises before dawn and battles uncertain
skies, Agrotextiles are a silent partner shielding,
nourishing, and supporting. As we move into an era
where sustainability and productivity must go hand
in hand, Agrotextiles are no longer optional. They are
essential. They are the new-age plough, the fabric
of tomorrow’s farms, and the soft revolution that is
redeﬁning agriculture one ﬁeld, one thread at a time.
projects, these initiatives aim to bridge the knowledge
gap, build conﬁdence, and foster a more informed and
prepared farming community.
While agrotextiles hold immense potential in transforming
agricultural practices and improving farmer livelihoods,
their adoption is currently limited by a range of socio-
economic and technical challenges. Overcoming these
obstacles requires a coordinated effort involving policy
support, ﬁnancial incentives, technological innovation,
and grassroots-level awareness. Only through such
integrated efforts can the full promise of agrotextiles be
realized in the daily lives of farmers around the world.
The next chapter in Agrotextile innovation is being
shaped by technology. As agriculture evolves into a
precision-driven, tech-integrated system, Agrotextiles
too are becoming smarter. Some emerging trends
include:
 Smart textiles with embedded sensors to monitor temperature, humidity, and pest
activity.
 Biodegradable polymers for eco-friendly alternatives to plastic-based fabrics.
 Integration with solar energy: Shade nets doubling as solar panels to generate
electricity for irrigation.
 AI-based growth modeling: Using data to recommend the best textile configuration for
a specific crop or location.

16
Market Analysis
Biodegradability in agrotextiles represents a pivotal
advancement in sustainable agriculture, addressing the
pressing need to reduce environmental impact while
maintaining crop productivity. Traditional agrotextiles,
often composed of synthetic polymers like polypropylene
(PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate
(PET), have been instrumental in enhancing agricultural
efﬁciency through applications such as mulching, crop
protection, and soil stabilization.
However, their persistence in the environment post-use
has led to signiﬁcant ecological concerns, including
soil contamination and microplastic pollution. The
shift towards biodegradable agrotextiles aims to
mitigate these issues by introducing materials that
can decompose naturally, thereby aligning agricultural
practices with environmental sustainability goals.
Biodegradable agrotextiles are designed to break down
through natural processes involving microorganisms,
moisture, and temperature variations, ultimately
converting into harmless end-products like water,
carbon dioxide, and biomass. This decomposition
process is inﬂuenced by several factors, including
the chemical structure of the material, environmental
conditions, and the presence of microbial communities
capable of degrading the polymers. The adoption of
biodegradable materials in agrotextiles not only reduces
the environmental footprint of agricultural practices but
also eliminates the need for labor-intensive removal
and disposal of synthetic materials after their functional
lifespan.
The development of biodegradable agrotextiles
encompasses a range of materials, primarily
categorized into natural ﬁbers and bio-based polymers.
Natural ﬁbers such as jute, ﬂax, hemp, cotton, and
wool have been traditionally used in textile applications
due to their inherent biodegradability, renewability, and
favorable mechanical properties. These ﬁbers are often
BIODEGRADABLE AGROTEXTILES BIODEGRADABLE AGROTEXTILES
For Future GrowthFor Future Growth

17
Market Analysis
processed into nonwoven fabrics through mechanical
methods like carding and needle punching, resulting
in mulches that are completely biodegradable over
a period of 3–6 months, making them suitable for
crops with shorter growing periods. The widespread
availability and ease of production of these natural
ﬁber-based nonwovens make them an environmentally
friendly choice for agricultural applications.
In addition to natural ﬁbers, bio-based polymers such
as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA),
and polybutylene succinate (PBS) have emerged
as promising alternatives to conventional plastics in
agrotextile applications. PLA, derived from renewable
resources like corn starch and sugarcane, offers
properties similar to non-biodegradable synthetic
ﬁbers, including controlled crimp, smooth surface, and
low moisture absorption. Moreover, PLA exhibits better
weather resistance and ﬂame retardancy relative to PET
ﬁbers, as well as rapid degradation in activated sludge.
The incorporation of these biopolymers into nonwoven
mulches provides a balance between functional
performance and environmental compatibility.
The biodegradation of agrotextiles is governed by a
complex interplay of abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic
factors include environmental conditions such as
temperature, humidity, and exposure to sunlight, which
can inﬂuence the rate of polymer degradation through
processes like hydrolysis and photodegradation. Biotic
factors involve the activity of microorganisms, including
bacteria and fungi, that secrete enzymes capable of
breaking down polymer chains into smaller molecules
that can be assimilated as nutrients. The efﬁciency
of biodegradation is also affected by the physical
properties of the agrotextile, such as its thickness,
density, and surface area, which can impact microbial
colonization and enzymatic activity.
Standards and certiﬁcations play a crucial role in
deﬁning and verifying the biodegradability of agrotextile
materials. Compliance with such standards ensures that
the materials used in agrotextiles meet the necessary
criteria for environmental safety and performance.
Additionally, certiﬁcations from recognized organizations
provide assurance to consumers and stakeholders
regarding the ecological credentials of biodegradable
agrotextile products.

18
Market Analysis
The integration of biodegradable agrotextiles into
agricultural practices offers several beneﬁts beyond
environmental sustainability. These materials can
improve soil health by enhancing moisture retention,
regulating temperature, and suppressing weed growth,
thereby reducing the reliance on chemical herbicides.
Furthermore, the decomposition of biodegradable
mulches contributes organic matter to the soil, enriching
its nutrient content and promoting microbial diversity.
The use of biodegradable agrotextiles also aligns with
the principles of organic farming and can support the
production of high-quality, chemical-free crops.
Despite the advantages, the adoption of biodegradable
agrotextiles faces certain challenges. One of the primary
concerns is the cost associated with the production
of bio-based polymers and natural ﬁber processing,
which can be higher than that of conventional synthetic
materials. Additionally, the performance characteristics
of biodegradable agrotextiles, such as durability
and mechanical strength, need to be optimized to
match those of traditional counterparts. Research
and development efforts are focused on enhancing
the properties of biodegradable materials through
the modiﬁcation of polymer structures, blending with
other biopolymers, and the incorporation of functional
additives.
Field studies have demonstrated the practical viability
of biodegradable agrotextiles in various agricultural
settings. For example, nonwoven mulches made
from viscose, jute, hemp, and PLA ﬁbers have shown
effectiveness in weed control, soil temperature
regulation, and moisture conservation during
the cultivation of vegetables with longer growing
seasons. These ﬁndings underscore the potential of
biodegradable agrotextiles to replace traditional plastic
mulches, thereby reducing environmental pollution and
enhancing agricultural sustainability.
The future of biodegradable agrotextiles lies in the
continued advancement of material science and
manufacturing technologies. Innovations in the
development of new biopolymers, the utilization
of agricultural waste as raw materials, and the
implementation of scalable production processes are
expected to drive the growth of this sector. Collaborative
efforts among researchers, industry stakeholders,
policymakers, and farmers are essential to overcome
existing barriers and to promote the widespread adoption
of biodegradable agrotextiles. By embracing these
sustainable alternatives, the agricultural industry can
contribute signiﬁcantly to environmental conservation
and the achievement of global sustainability goals.

19
Market Analysis
06 - 07- 08
NOVEMBER 2025
YASHOBHOOMI
Sector 25, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
Convention Center (IICC)
for Modern Industries:
NONWOVEN TECHNOLOGY
THE SMART CHOICE
RESERVE
YOUR
SPACE
Supported ByStrategic Alliance
Partner
Concurrent Event
[email protected]
www.nonwoventechasia.com
+91 91734 40725

20
Market Analysis GLOBAL AGRO GLOBAL AGRO
TEXTILE MARKETTEXTILE MARKET
2016-19 (USD MILLION)
(Source: Data from Technical Textile Market Analysis by Grand View Research, provided by EMIS/CEIC and Analysis by TBD)
Agrotech 2016 2017 2018 2019
(USD Million) 4,098.6 4,222.7 4,356.6 4,498.3

4,098.6
4,222.7
4,356.6
4,498.3
3,800.0
3,900.0
4,000.0
4,100.0
4,200.0
4,300.0
4,400.0
4,500.0
4,600.0
2016 2017 2018 2019
The Global agro-textile market moved on a path of
steady expansion between 2016 and 2019, showing
resilience and growing relevance in modern agriculture.
Each year added strength to the sector, signaling rising
conﬁdence among producers and users worldwide. The
growth reﬂects increasing awareness about sustainable
farming and the role of textiles in boosting productivity.
Agro-textiles gained traction as essential tools for crop
protection, soil management, and resource efﬁciency.
The gradual upward momentum points to a market that is
not only expanding but also maturing in its applications.
This period marked the groundwork for agro-textiles to
become a vital part of global agricultural innovation.

21
Market Analysis
GLOBAL GLOBAL AGRO TEXTILE AGRO TEXTILE
MARKET FORECASTMARKET FORECAST
2020-27 (USD MILLION)
Agrotech 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 CAGR (%)
(USD Million) 4,405.80 4,535.20 4686.2 4843.1 5005.9 5175.2 5351.1 5533.8 2.6%

4,405.8
4,535.2
4,686.2
4,843.1
5,005.9
5,175.2
5,351.1
5,533.8
-
1,000.0
2,000.0
3,000.0
4,000.0
5,000.0
6,000.0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Agro textiles play a vital role in the agriculture sector
due to their multifunctional beneﬁts, making them an
essential component of modern farming practices.
These textiles provide superior weather resistance,
shielding crops from harmful micro-organisms, solar
radiation, and ultraviolet rays, while also aiding in water
conservation. By offering enhanced crop protection,
agrotextiles contribute to increased yields and improved
crop quality.
They are manufactured from both synthetic ﬁbers, such
as polypropylene and polyethylene, known for their
cost-effectiveness, and natural ﬁbers like jute and wool.
Natural ﬁbers hold signiﬁcant promise in the agrotextile
market because they not only deliver functional
advantages but also are biodegradable, breaking down
after use to enrich the soil as a natural fertilizer. The
growing agriculture textile market is driven by the rising
demand for sustainable and efﬁcient farming solutions,
where agrotextiles improve productivity and reduce
environmental impact, highlighting their importance in
the future of agriculture.

22
Market Analysis
AGRO TEXTILE AGRO TEXTILE
MARKET MARKET
2016-19 (USD MILLION) ININDIDIANAN
Agrotech 2016 2017 2018 2019
(USD Million) 181.6 188.1 195 202.2

181.6
188.1
195
202.2
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
2016 2017 2018 2019
The Indian agro-textile market demonstrated steady
growth from 2016 to 2019, reﬂecting increasing adoption
of technical textiles in agriculture. Agrotech recorded a
consistent upward trend, highlighting rising demand for
crop protection and yield-enhancing solutions. Market
expansion was driven by both government initiatives and
awareness among farmers about modern agricultural
practices. The gradual growth indicates a stable yet
promising sector, with incremental investments boosting
production capacity. Technological innovations and
durable product offerings further strengthened market
conﬁdence. Despite modest year-on-year increases,
the overall trajectory points toward long-term potential
in the agro-textile space. This period laid a strong
foundation for India’s emergence as a key player in the
global agro-textile market.

23
Market Analysis
AGROAGRO TEXTILE TEXTILE
MARKET FORECASTMARKET FORECAST
2020-27 (USD MILLION) ININDIDIANAN
Agrotech 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 CAGR (%)
(USD Million) 187.70 190.9 197.9 205.2 212.7 220.5 228.6 236.9 2%

187.70 190.9
197.9
205.2
212.7
220.5
228.6
236.9
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
The Indian agriculture textile market is steadily
blossoming into a vibrant sector, driven by the country’s
deep-rooted agrarian economy and the growing need
for sustainable farming solutions. Agrotextiles in India
have emerged as silent enablers of modern agriculture,
offering innovative ways to protect and enhance crop
yields. From shading nets that guard against the harsh
summer sun to mulching fabrics that retain precious soil
moisture, these specialized textiles are transforming
traditional farming into a more scientiﬁc, efﬁcient, and
eco-friendly practice.
What makes the Indian agrotextile market unique is its
harmonious blend of tradition and technology. Natural
ﬁbers like jute and coir, which are abundantly available
and culturally familiar to Indian farmers, are ﬁnding
renewed purpose in biodegradable agrotextiles serving
not just as protective covers but as natural fertilizers
once their role is fulﬁlled. At the same time, synthetic
ﬁbers like polypropylene and polyethylene continue
to dominate due to their affordability and durability,
making agrotextiles accessible across diverse regions
and scales of farming.

24
Market Analysis
Market Share of Agrotech Textiles by Product (2023)
Analysis of Agrotech Textiles by Application
Source: FAO Case Study/Textile Today
50%
35%
15%
Woven
Nonwoven
Knitted
Source: FAO Case Study
Analysis of Agrotech Textiles by Product

Type

Manufacturing Process

Key Properties
Market Share
(2023)

Woven

Warp-weft interlacing
UV resistance,
durability

50%

Nonwoven
Spunbond/meltblown
bonding
Lightweight,
moisture retention

35%

Knitted

Weft/warp knitting
Elasticity, tear
resistance

15%

Application

Function
Market Demand
(2023)
Crop Protection Pest control, frost protection $1200 million
Soil Management Weed suppression $800 million
Livestock Farming Shade structures, fencing $500 million
Post-Harvest Storage Grain packaging $300 million

25
Market Analysis
Analysis of Agrotech Textiles by Material
Market Share of Agrotech Textiles by Geography (2023)
Market Share of Agrotech Textiles by Geography (2023)
Market Demand of Agrotech Textiles by Application (2023)
Source: Green Chemistry Journal
Source: Mordor Intelligence/Statista /FAO
$1200mn
$800mn
$500mn
$300 mn
Crop Protection
Soil Management
Livestock Farming
Post-Harvest Storage
25%
30%
35%
10%
North America
Europe
Asia-Pacific
Africa
Material Advantages Limitations
Polypropylene Water-resistant Non- biodegradable
Polyester UV resistance High cost
Jute Biodegradable Short lifespan
PLA Blends Compostable Limited durability

Region Type Market Share 2023
North America Woven 25%
Europe Nonwoven 30%
Asia-Pacific Knitted 35%
Africa Woven/Nonwoven 10%

26
Market Analysis

27
Market Analysis

28
Market Analysis
India’s AgroTech story is rooted in the symbiosis
between agriculture and textiles. With over 50% of its
population engaged in farming, India has consistently
sought innovative ways to improve yields while protecting
crops from erratic weather and pest attacks. The textile
industry, already a global leader in production, naturally
extended its scope into AgroTech, creating affordable
and scalable solutions. Among the many participants,
ﬁve companies have stood out due to their scale,
innovation, and inﬂuence: Garware Technical Fibres,
Sidwin Fabric Pvt. Ltd, Supreme Nonwovens & SRF
Limited.
Garware Technical Fibres: Garware Technical Fibres
is often considered a pioneer in India’s AgroTech
landscape. Initially focused on ﬁshing nets, the
company gradually diversiﬁed into agriculture-speciﬁc
textiles. Its shade nets, crop covers, and protective
farming solutions are now widely used across India and
in export markets.
The company’s strategy revolves around innovation
for Indian conditions. Unlike MNCs that often design
products for global usage, Garware tailors its offerings
to withstand the intense sunlight, monsoon rains, and
pest challenges unique to Indian farmers. By doing so,
it has carved a niche market, offering affordable yet
highly durable AgroTech textiles.
Sidwin Fabric Pvt. Ltd: Sidwin Fabric Pvt. Ltd., based in
Gujarat, has emerged as a key player in India’s AgroTech
textile sector. The company specializes in spunbond
nonwoven fabrics used for crop protection, mulching
and other agricultural applications. Its fabrics shield
crops from pests, animals, and harsh weather, helping
farmers improve yield and crop quality. The company
combines innovation with affordability, catering to both
domestic and international markets. Sidwin exports to
North America, Europe, Japan, and the Middle East,
reﬂecting its global reach. Sustainability is central to
its operations, with over 60% of its energy needs met
through renewable sources. The company’s advanced
COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
Indian and Global Leaders
in AgroTech Textiles

29
Market Analysis
production lines allow for high-quality fabrics at scale,
meeting diverse agricultural needs.
Supreme Nonwovens: Supreme Nonwovens is a
specialist in nonwoven AgroTech fabrics. Its shade
nets, nonwoven crop covers, and root-zone protection
textiles have been recognized for their balance of
affordability and innovation. The company’s products
are often targeted at small and medium-scale farmers,
who form the backbone of India’s agriculture.
Its strength lies in economies of scale. Supreme
Nonwovens has developed mass-production
capabilities that allow it to supply vast quantities of
protective textiles at lower costs. This makes AgroTech
solutions more accessible to marginal farmers who may
not afford premium international products.
SRF Limited: SRF Limited is a diversiﬁed conglomerate,
but its contribution to AgroTech textiles cannot be
overlooked. The company produces specialized
technical textiles for crop protection and water
management. It is particularly strong in producing
coated fabrics and laminated solutions that extend
beyond agriculture to industrial applications.
What sets SRF apart is its focus on sustainability. The
company has embraced global trends in eco-friendly
AgroTech, developing recyclable and biodegradable
crop covers and geotextiles. Its R&D divisions are
increasingly aligned with global sustainability targets,
giving it an edge over domestic competitors. Market
positioning for SRF is more corporate and export-driven,
targeting agribusiness ﬁrms rather than individual
farmers. This positions it differently in the competitive
landscape, catering to a higher-value segment of the
AgroTech market.
Multinational corporations bring to the AgroTech textile
industry a combination of advanced technology, global
distribution, and premium branding. Their strength
lies in years of R&D, robust patents, and the ability to
scale innovations across continents. The ﬁve most
prominent MNCs competing in this space are TenCate
Geosynthetics, Low & Bonar, Berry Global, Johns
Manville and Ahlstrom-Munksjö.
TenCate Geosynthetics: Netherlands-based TenCate
Geosynthetics is a global leader in technical textiles with
a strong foothold in AgroTech solutions. Its geotextiles
for irrigation, water conservation and soil protection are
widely used in advanced farming systems.
What makes TenCate formidable is its innovation-driven
approach. The company invests heavily in R&D, creating
fabrics that not only protect crops but also improve water
efﬁciency critical in drought-prone regions. Its products
are premium, but their long-term durability attracts
agribusinesses willing to invest in sustainable farming.
TenCate’s market positioning is clear: it serves large-
scale commercial farming enterprises, governments,
and infrastructure projects. While this makes it less
accessible to small farmers, it dominates the high-value
AgroTech textile market globally.

30
Market Analysis
Low & Bonar: Low & Bonar, headquartered in the UK,
specializes in performance materials with signiﬁcant
applications in agriculture. Its nonwoven crop protection
textiles, root-control fabrics, and climate-resistant nets
are widely recognized. The company’s strength lies
in designing for diverse climates. By serving markets
from Europe to Asia, Low & Bonar ensures its AgroTech
products adapt to varying weather extremes. This
ﬂexibility positions it as a reliable global partner.
Low & Bonar’s strategy has been to collaborate with
governments and NGOs in promoting sustainable
farming solutions, particularly in developing nations.
This positions it not only as a commercial player but also
as a contributor to global food security.
Berry Global: Berry Global, based in the United States,
is one of the world’s largest producers of engineered
materials and nonwovens. In AgroTech, its innovations
are particularly visible in mulching ﬁlms, crop covers,
greenhouse ﬁlms, and water-conservation textiles. What
distinguishes Berry Global is its integration of polymers
and sustainability practices, allowing it to produce
advanced, lightweight, and recyclable AgroTech
solutions.
The company has focused heavily on precision
agriculture designing fabrics that not only protect crops
but also optimize soil temperature, moisture retention,
and weed suppression. For instance, its biodegradable
mulch ﬁlms are an innovation aimed at reducing plastic
pollution while supporting farming efﬁciency.
Berry’s market positioning is highly strategic. By building
partnerships with agribusiness ﬁrms, cooperatives, and
global food producers, it positions itself not merely as a
textile supplier but as a holistic farming partner. Its reach
extends into Asia, including India, though its products
are often priced higher than domestic alternatives. For
commercial-scale farming operations that prioritize
efﬁciency and sustainability, Berry Global is considered
a trusted name.
Johns Manville: Johns Manville, headquartered in
the United States and part of Berkshire Hathaway,
is a global leader in engineered products, including
nonwoven fabrics. Its contribution to AgroTech textiles is
rooted in protective fabrics, insulation-based solutions,
and water-management textiles. Unlike companies that
directly manufacture agricultural fabrics, Johns Manville
integrates its core strengths in ﬁberglass and nonwovens
to design AgroTech solutions for specialized use. Its
textiles are often incorporated into advanced irrigation
systems, protective crop structures, and climate-control
facilities.
The company’s competitive edge lies in its synergy
across industries. Because it serves construction,
energy, and agriculture, Johns Manville brings cross-
industry expertise, creating AgroTech fabrics that are
durable, multipurpose, and adaptable. Its positioning
in the AgroTech space is more corporate and project-
based, supplying governments, agribusinesses, and
international development programs. For small farmers,
Johns Manville is less visible, but in the high-tech
farming ecosystem, its role is critical.

31
Market Analysis
Ahlstrom-Munksjö: Ahlstrom-Munksjö, a Finland-
based company, specializes in ﬁber-based materials
and sustainable solutions. Its AgroTech presence is most
evident in crop-protection nonwovens, seed blankets,
and biodegradable mulching fabrics. What makes
Ahlstrom-Munksjö remarkable is its deep commitment
Company Product Strategy Market Positioning
Garware Technical
Fibres (India)
UV-resistant nets, crop covers,
farmer-centric innovation
Trusted domestic partner for
small and mid-scale farmers
Supreme Nonwovens
(India)
Affordable nonwoven crop covers
and protection textiles
Mass-market, cost-sensitive small
and medium farmers
SRF Limited (India)
Sustainable coated fabrics,
water-management textiles
Export-driven, agribusiness, and
eco-conscious markets
Sidwin Fabric Pvt.
Ltd. (India)

Spunbond nonwoven fabrics for
crop protection, mulching and
sustainable agricultural applications

Small to medium-scale farmers,
domestic agribusinesses and
international export markets

TenCate
Geosynthetics (MNC)
High-performance geotextiles for soil
& water management
Premium global projects,
infrastructure, commercial farms
Low & Bonar (MNC)
Climate-adaptable crop textiles,
root-control fabrics
Global development programs,
governments, and NGOs
Berry Global (MNC)
Precision agriculture fabrics,
biodegradable mulch films
High-tech agribusiness and
sustainability-driven markets
Johns Manville
(MNC)
Multipurpose nonwovens for
irrigation and protection
Project-based, government and
corporate agribusiness
Ahlstrom-Munksjö
(MNC)
Biodegradable, fiber-based crop
textiles
Premium sustainability-focused
segment, eco-conscious farms

to sustainability a trait that resonates strongly with global
shifts toward eco-friendly farming.
The company’s AgroTech textiles are often designed
with biodegradability at their core, ensuring that after
serving their farming purpose, the fabrics decompose
naturally without leaving harmful residues. This
approach not only appeals to eco-conscious markets
in Europe and North America but also holds promise
for developing nations struggling with plastic waste in
agriculture. In terms of positioning, Ahlstrom-Munksjö
occupies the premium sustainability segment. Its
products may not always be affordable to small farmers,
but its brand is synonymous with responsible farming
solutions. By aligning with global sustainability goals
such as the UN’s SDGs, Ahlstrom-Munksjö ensures
long-term relevance in AgroTech textiles.
Comparative Analysis: Product Strategy vs Market Positioning

32
Market Analysis
NONWOVEN AGROTECHNONWOVEN AGROTECH
Enablers and Restraints
A quiet revolution is taking root in the fertile plains
and diverse farmlands of India. It’s not a new seed
variety or a revolutionary piece of machinery, but
a silent, unassuming ally to the farmer: nonwoven
agrotech textiles. These innovative fabrics, often
overlooked, are emerging as powerful catalysts for
change, promising to enhance crop yields, conserve
precious resources and shield farmers from the
increasingly unpredictable whims of nature. However,
the path to widespread adoption is not without its
hurdles. A complex interplay of market enablers and
restraints is shaping the destiny of these remarkable
materials in the Indian agricultural landscape.
The story of nonwoven agritech textiles in India is one
of immense potential. At its core, it’s a narrative of
empowerment for the Indian farmer. For generations,
farmers have battled the elements – scorching sun,
torrential rains and devastating pest attacks. Traditional
methods of crop protection, while time-tested, often
fall short in the face of escalating climate change and
the persistent need to increase productivity to feed a
growing nation. This is where nonwoven textiles are
making a tangible difference.
The Enablers
A conﬂuence of factors is driving the burgeoning
demand for nonwoven agritech textiles in India.
These enablers, ranging from government support to
grassroots-level innovation, are creating a fertile ground
for the adoption of this transformative technology.
A Helping Hand from the Government: The Indian
government, recognizing the critical role of technology
in modernizing agriculture, has introduced several
schemes that indirectly and directly support the
adoption of nonwoven textiles. Initiatives like the
Amended Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme
(ATUFS) and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI)
scheme for technical textiles are encouraging domestic
manufacturing and making these products more
accessible and affordable. While not always directly
targeted at the farmer, these policies foster a domestic
manufacturing ecosystem that brings down costs and
spurs innovation.

33
Market Analysis
The Undeniable Economics of Higher Yields and
Incomes: The most compelling argument for any new
agricultural technology is its impact on the farmer’s
bottom line. Here, the evidence in favor of nonwoven
textiles is becoming increasingly clear. A compelling
case study from Sidwin Fabrics, a prominent Indian
manufacturer, reveals that the use of their crop covers
has led to a remarkable increase in farmer incomes
by an average of 20-25%. This is a direct result of a
signiﬁcant jump in harvestable produce, from a typical
80% to an astounding 99%. By protecting crops from
pests, adverse weather and physical damage, these
fabrics ensure that more of what is grown reaches the
market, translating into tangible ﬁnancial gains for the
farmer.
Water Conservation and Reduced Pesticide Reliance:
Beyond the immediate economic beneﬁts, nonwoven
agritech textiles are champions of sustainable farming
practices. In a country where water scarcity is a
looming threat, the ability of these materials to reduce
evaporation and retain soil moisture is a game-changer.
Mulch ﬁlms, a type of nonwoven textile, can signiﬁcantly
cut down on the need for irrigation, a boon for farmers in
arid and semi-arid regions.
Furthermore, the protective barrier provided by crop
covers drastically reduces the need for chemical
pesticides. By physically shielding plants from insects
and other pests, farmers can cultivate healthier, residue-
free produce. This not only beneﬁts the environment by
preventing soil and water contamination but also opens
up new avenues for farmers to tap into the growing
market for organic and chemical-free agricultural
products.
FPOs and Agrotech Startups as Catalysts: The
journey of a new technology from the lab to the land
is often fraught with challenges. This is where Farmer
Producer Organizations (FPOs) and a burgeoning
ecosystem of agritech startups are playing a pivotal
role. FPOs, by aggregating small and marginal farmers,
create a platform for knowledge sharing and collective
procurement, making advanced technologies like
nonwoven textiles more accessible.
Simultaneously, agritech startups are bridging the gap
between manufacturers and the end-users. They are
not only creating efﬁcient supply chains to deliver these
products to remote corners of the country but are also
leveraging technology to provide farmers with crucial
information and advisory services on their optimal
usage. This dynamic partnership between collective
action and entrepreneurial innovation is accelerating the
adoption of nonwoven agritech textiles at the grassroots
level.
A Shield Against a Changing Climate: In the era of
climate change, Indian agriculture is on the front lines,

34
Market Analysis
facing erratic monsoons, extreme temperatures and
an increase in the frequency of freak weather events.
Nonwoven textiles are emerging as a crucial tool for
climate change adaptation. Frost covers can protect
horticultural crops from sudden temperature drops,
while shade nets can mitigate the impact of intense
heatwaves. By creating a controlled micro-climate
around the plants, these textiles provide a buffer against
environmental stresses, ensuring crop survival and
productivity in an increasingly uncertain world.
The Restraints
Despite the compelling advantages, the path to
widespread adoption of nonwoven agritech textiles in
India is not without its obstacles. A set of signiﬁcant
market restraints needs to be addressed to unlock the
full potential of this technology.
Cost and the Small Farmer’s Dilemma: For the small
and marginal farmers who constitute the backbone of
Indian agriculture, the initial investment in nonwoven
textiles can be a signiﬁcant deterrent. While the long-
term return on investment is often favorable, the upfront
cost of crop covers, mulch ﬁlms and other products
can be prohibitive. A more detailed and region-speciﬁc
cost-beneﬁt analysis, communicated effectively to
farmers, is crucial to overcoming this ﬁnancial barrier.
The availability of targeted subsidies and credit facilities
for the purchase of these materials could also play a
transformative role.
The Awareness Gap: From Innovation to
Implementation: The adage “seeing is believing” holds
particularly true in the agricultural sector. A signiﬁcant
portion of the farming community, especially in remote
and less-developed regions, remains unaware of the
existence and beneﬁts of nonwoven agritech textiles. A
concerted effort is needed from government extension
services, FPOs and private players to conduct on-farm
demonstrations and training programs and disseminate
information in local languages. Bridging this awareness
gap is fundamental to driving demand from the ground
up.
Supply Chain and Distribution Bottlenecks: India’s
vast and diverse agricultural landscape presents
signiﬁcant logistical challenges. Ensuring the timely
and affordable availability of nonwoven textiles in
remote rural areas is a major hurdle. Inadequate rural
infrastructure, a fragmented distribution network and the
high cost of transportation can limit the reach of these
products. Strengthening the rural supply chain through
a network of local dealers and leveraging the digital
platforms of agritech startups will be key to ensuring
that these innovative materials reach every farmer who
needs them.
The Raw Material Conundrum: Availability and
Price Volatility: The production of nonwoven textiles is
dependent on the availability and cost of raw materials,
primarily polymers like polypropylene and polyester.
Fluctuations in global oil prices can impact the cost
of these raw materials, leading to price volatility for
the end product. While India has a growing domestic
manufacturing base, ensuring a stable and cost-
effective supply of high-quality raw materials is essential
for the long-term sustainability of the industry.
Disposal and the Rise of Biodegradable Alternatives:
As the use of nonwoven textiles increases, so
do concerns about their disposal and potential
environmental impact. While these materials can often
be reused for multiple seasons, their eventual disposal
can contribute to plastic waste if not managed properly.
This has spurred research and development into
biodegradable nonwoven agrotextiles. The market for
these eco-friendly alternatives is still nascent in India
and their higher cost can be a deterrent. Promoting
the use of biodegradable options and establishing
effective waste management and recycling systems
for conventional nonwovens will be crucial for the
environmentally sustainable growth of this market.

35
Market Analysis
The Way Forward
The nonwoven agritech textiles market in India
stands at a crossroads of immense opportunity and
signiﬁcant challenges. The enablers are powerful – a
supportive government, demonstrable economic and
environmental beneﬁts and a dynamic ecosystem of
FPOs and startups. However, the restraints, particularly
the initial cost, lack of awareness and supply chain
inefﬁciencies, are equally real.
To weave a future where every Indian farmer can
beneﬁt from this transformative technology, a multi-
pronged approach is essential. This includes targeted
government interventions to make these materials
more affordable, large-scale awareness campaigns
to showcase their beneﬁts and strategic investments
in strengthening the rural supply chain. Fostering
innovation in biodegradable materials will also be critical
to ensuring the long-term environmental sustainability of
this revolution.

36
Technology Junction
Building Block For Nonwoven AgrotextilesBuilding Block For Nonwoven AgrotextilesPOLYPROPYLENEPOLYPROPYLENE
In the evolving landscape of modern agriculture,
nonwoven agrotech textiles have become an
indispensable solution for enhancing crop yield,
protecting plants, conserving resources, and promoting
sustainable farming practices. Among the various raw
materials utilized in the production of these textiles,
polypropylene (PP) stands out as the most commonly
used synthetic polymer due to its unique blend of
cost-effectiveness, versatility, and performance
characteristics.
Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer derived from
the polymerization of propylene monomers, widely
known for its lightweight nature, high tensile strength,
resistance to moisture and
chemicals, and excellent
processability. These
features make it ideally
suited for agricultural
applications such as crop
protection covers, mulch
mats, shade nets, root
bags, and various other
horticultural and agro-
textile products.
Manufacturing Process of Polypropylene-Based
Nonwoven agrotech textiles
The production of agrotech textiles nonwoven textiles
using polypropylene as a raw material involves a
technically intricate and scientiﬁcally grounded
process that integrates principles from polymer
science, thermomechanical engineering, and textile

37
Technology Junction
technology. The journey commences with the selection
and preparation of polypropylene granules, which are
derived from petroleum-based resources.
Polypropylene is preferred in the manufacturing of
agrotextiles due to its lightweight nature, resistance to
chemicals, hydrophobicity, high tensile strength, and
cost-efﬁciency.
To tailor the polymer for speciﬁc agricultural
applications, the granules are often compounded with
functional additives such as ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers
to enhance durability under sunlight, antioxidants to
inhibit oxidative degradation, ﬂame retardants for safety,
and masterbatches containing color pigments. These
additives are uniformly blended with the base polymer
using high-speed mixers to ensure a homogeneous
feedstock for extrusion.
Once prepared,
the compounded
polypropylene
granules are conveyed
into an extruder,
where thermal energy
is applied to melt
the polymer. The
extrusion temperatures
typically range from
160°C to 280°C, and
are carefully regulated across the extruder’s zones
to ensure optimal viscosity and ﬂow behavior of the
molten polymer. The molten polymer is passed through
a ﬁltration system to remove any contaminants and
then conveyed using a metering pump, which delivers
a consistent and precise ﬂow rate to the spinning
assembly.
The polymer melt then
enters the spinneret a
precision-engineered
metal plate with
hundreds of tiny
holes through which
it is extruded to form
continuous ﬁlaments
or ﬁbers. Upon exiting
the spinneret, these
ﬁbers are subjected
to a cooling process
using quenching air,
which solidiﬁes them rapidly and ensures controlled
crystallization of the polymer chains.
Following solidiﬁcation, the ﬁbers undergo a high-
speed drawing process, also known as attenuation.
This step utilizes aspirators or air jets to elongate the
ﬁlaments, aligning the molecular chains and signiﬁcantly
enhancing the mechanical properties of the ﬁbers, such
as their tensile strength and elasticity. These drawn
ﬁbers are then deposited randomly on a
moving conveyor belt to form a web. This web formation
process is governed by aerodynamic laydown
principles, where the orientation and distribution of
ﬁbers are controlled by air currents to create a uniform
mat. The random orientation of the ﬁbers results in an
isotropic structure, meaning the fabric exhibits similar
strength and performance in all directions, which is
advantageous for many agricultural applications.
The web formed in this way is still in a loose, unbonded
state, which necessitates consolidation through a
bonding mechanism. In the case of spunbond nonwoven
manufacturing,
thermal bonding is
the most commonly
adopted
technique. The
web is passed
between heated
calender rollers,
which apply heat
and pressure to
thermally fuse the

38
Technology Junction
ﬁbers at their
contact points.
The rollers may
have smooth
or patterned
surfaces,
depending on the
desired bonding
characteristics.
Point bonding,
created using
patterned rollers,
results in fabrics
that retain higher
ﬂexibility and
breathability, whereas ﬂat or area bonding increases the
strength and stiffness of the fabric. This bonding process
is critical not only to provide mechanical integrity to the
nonwoven fabric but also to deﬁne its texture, porosity,
and tensile behavior.
After bonding, the nonwoven material may undergo
ﬁnishing treatments to enhance its functional properties.
For agricultural applications, UV stabilization is a
particularly important ﬁnishing process because these
fabrics are often exposed to prolonged sunlight in open
ﬁelds. This is achieved
either by incorporating
UV stabilizers into the
polymer melt or by
applying chemical
coatings on the
surface. In addition,
hydrophilic or
hydrophobic treatments may be applied to adjust the
fabric’s water permeability depending on whether water
absorption or repellency is desired. For example, mulch
fabrics may need to be hydrophobic to prevent water
loss, whereas crop covers may require hydrophilicity
to allow water
penetration.
These
functional
ﬁnishes are
applied using
processes such
as chemical
dipping, spray
coating, or
plasma treatment, which alter the surface characteristics
of the ﬁbers without affecting the bulk properties.
The treated nonwoven fabric is then subjected to slitting
and winding operations. Large fabric webs are slit into
rolls of desired widths using precision cutting systems.
These rolls are then tightly wound and packaged to
prevent contamination and mechanical damage during
transportation and storage. Quality assurance checks
are carried out at this stage to assess fabric weight
(GSM), tensile strength, elongation at break, pore size
distribution, UV resistance, and dimensional stability.
These quality parameters are essential to ensure the
fabric’s suitability for its end use in agriculture.
In practical applications, these polypropylene spunbond
nonwoven fabrics serve various agrotextile functions.
They are used as crop covers to protect plants from
pests, UV radiation, and frost while allowing air and
moisture exchange, which helps maintain a favorable
microclimate. In weed management, spunbond fabrics
act as mulch ﬁlms that block sunlight to suppress weed
growth, reduce the need for herbicides, and retain soil
moisture.
Additionally, these fabrics are employed in soil
stabilization, erosion control, greenhouse shading,
seedbed liners, and root control bags in nurseries. Their
light weight, durability, ﬂexibility, and eco-efﬁciency
make them ideal for temporary agricultural usage,
especially when designed with biodegradability or
recyclability in mind.
From a theoretical perspective, the success of this
manufacturing process hinges on optimizing numerous
parameters, including polymer melt ﬂow index (MFI),
spinneret design, ﬁlament draw ratio, web formation
speed, bonding temperature and pressure, and
ﬁnishing treatment
chemistry. Each variable must be controlled precisely
to produce a consistent, high-performance textile that
meets the demanding requirements of agricultural
usage.
Moreover, as the global demand for sustainable
agricultural practices rises, research in the ﬁeld is
increasingly focusing on integrating environmentally
friendly practices, such as using recycled PP,

39
Technology Junction
UVStabilization:Advanced additives are incorporatedinto
polypropylene during extrusiontoimproveitsresistanceto
degradation caused by prolonged exposuretosunlight
Hydrophilic&Hydrophobic Treatments:Surface
modifications enablethetextilestoeither absorborrepel
water based on the application requirement
Biodegradable Additives:Innovationsareintroducingoxo-
degradable andbio-based additivestoaccelerate the
breakdownofPPfabricsunder specific environmental
conditions
SmartTextiles Integration:Researchisongoingto
integrate sensors or nanomaterialsintopolypropylene-based
nonwovens for real-timemonitoring of crop conditions.
biodegradable polymer blends, and more efﬁcient
energy consumption during production. Furthermore,
the inclusion of smart textile technologies such as
embedded sensors for monitoring soil humidity or plant
health is an emerging frontier in agricultural nonwovens,
promising to revolutionize the role of technical textiles in
farming.
Thus, the theoretical foundation and practical
implementation of polypropylene spunbond nonwoven
production for agricultural textiles represent a highly
interdisciplinary ﬁeld, merging polymer science, textile
engineering, environmental science, and agronomy. By
understanding the detailed mechanisms at each stage
of the process, manufacturers can design agrotextiles
that are not only cost-effective and functionally robust
but also aligned with the growing need for sustainability
and technological innovation in agriculture.

40
Technology Junction
Technological developments have signiﬁcantly
enhanced the functionality and performance of
polypropylene-based nonwoven agricultural textiles:
The future of polypropylene-based nonwoven textiles
in agriculture looks bright, especially as the industry
moves towards more sustainable and efﬁcient farming
methods. With growing interest in precision farming,
water conservation, and adapting to changing climate
conditions, these textiles are becoming essential tools
for modern agriculture.
Farmers and agri-businesses are increasingly turning
to solutions that support automation and reduce
environmental impact, and polypropylene nonwovens ﬁt
right into that shift. They’re already being used in a variety
of ways from creating controlled environments for crops
and smart mulching systems to designing shade nets
tailored for different plants and setting up temporary
crop shelters and protective tunnels. As the global push
for smart agriculture and food security continues, we
can expect the use of these high-performance materials
to grow rapidly across both developed and developing
countries.
That said, sustainability remains a critical consideration.
While polypropylene isn’t biodegradable, its long-lasting
nature and versatility can actually contribute to more
sustainable farming when used wisely. For starters,
these nonwovens can be recycled and repurposed for
secondary uses, helping to cut down on waste. They’re
also lightweight and require fewer raw materials to
produce compared to traditional woven fabrics, making
them more resource-efﬁcient. Products like mulch mats
not only help conserve water by reducing evaporation
but also protect the soil and improve crop yields by
acting as barriers against weeds and pests cutting
down the need for chemical pesticides. Plus, with UV-
stabilized options, these textiles are made to withstand
harsh ﬁeld conditions for longer periods, reducing how
often they need to be replaced.
The industry isn’t stopping there. There’s an active push
to improve the environmental footprint of polypropylene
through circular economy approaches, biodegradable
blends, and better waste management practices. All
in all, polypropylene nonwoven textiles are proving
to be a smart, forward-thinking choice for agriculture
supporting both productivity and sustainability in the
ﬁelds of tomorrow.
Polypropylene remains at the forefront of raw materials
for nonwoven agricultural textiles due to its excellent
balance of performance, affordability, and adaptability.
While sustainability challenges exist, innovations in
materials science and recycling practices are steadily
transforming PP nonwovens into more eco-friendly
solutions. As agriculture embraces modern methods for
improved productivity and sustainability, polypropylene-
based nonwoven textiles will continue to serve as
a backbone for efﬁcient, protective, and intelligent
farming systems.

41
Technology Junction
Innovations in Textile MachineryInnovations in Textile Machinery
FOR AGROTEXTILES
Spunbond Nonwoven Technology: Spunbond
technology refers to the direct conversion of polymers
into nonwoven fabric using an integrated process of
extrusion, spinning, and web formation. It starts with
melting a thermoplastic polymer, usually polypropylene
(PP), polyester (PET), or polylactic acid (PLA), and
extruding it through spinnerets to form continuous
ﬁlaments. These ﬁlaments are then laid into a web
and bonded using thermal or mechanical means. The
following table summarizes the steps involved in the
spunbond process and how it translates to agrotextile
applications:
Stage Process Description
Polymer Feeding Feeding PP or PET pellets into the extruder.
Extrusion Polymer is melted and extruded through spinnerets.
Filament Drawing High-speed drawing of filaments using air jets.
Web Formation Filaments are deposited onto a moving conveyor belt.
Bonding Web is thermally bonded via calender rollers.
Finishing & Winding Fabric is treated and wound into rolls.

42
Technology Junction
Recent technological improvements have made spunbond lines more versatile and suitable for agrotextiles. Twin-
beam or multi-beam spunbond machines allow the production of multilayer fabrics with varied properties. Some of
the Major Advancements Include:
Spunbond Nonwoven Technology Applications in Agrotextiles
•This enables the creation of composite fibres with
tailored properties such as hydrophilicity,
breathability, and UV resistance
Bicomponent
Spinning
•Integrated cameras and AI algorithms monitor web
uniformity, ensuring consistency crucial for high
quality agrotextiles
Online Monitoring
Systems
•Implementation of PLA and recycled PP as
feedstocks reduce environmental footprints
Eco-Friendly
Systems
•Lightweight yet strong fabrics to shield plants from
frost, insects, and UV rays
Crop Covers
•Used to suppress weeds while allowing air and
water permeability
Mulch Mats
•Prevent root penetration in unwanted zonesRoot Barrier Sheets
•Controls light intensity and helps in temperature
regulation
Greenhouse Shading

43
Technology Junction
Properties of Spunbond Agrotextiles
A large-scale agrotextile plant based in India
utilizes a double-beam spunbond line to
produce biodegradable mulch mats. These
mats are embedded with natural additives for
pest resistance and have a service life of 6–8
months. The incorporation of meltblown layers
in between the spunbond layers enhances
ﬁltration and thermal insulation, ideal for soil
conditioning.
Needle Punching Technology: Needle
punching involves mechanically interlocking
ﬁbres using barbed needles that repeatedly
punch through the loose ﬁbre web. This
process results in a strong, ﬂexible, and
breathable fabric. It can process both synthetic
and natural ﬁbres, making it ideal for a wide
range of agrotextile applications. Process
Flow from Needle Punching to Agrotextile:
Property Description Benefit in Agrotech
Tensile Strength High strength due to drawn filaments. Can resist wind and
physical stress in the field.
UV Resistance Stabilized polymers prevent degradation. Longer life span of
textiles outdoors.
Porosity Adjustable during web formation. Maintains soil aeration
and water flow.
Lightweight Specific gravity control. Easier deployment
and cost-effective transport.

Stage Process Description
Fibre Preparation Natural or synthetic staple fibres are opened and blended.
Carding Aligns fibres into a uniform web.
Web Laying Webs are layered in cross or parallel orientations.
Needle Punching Barbed needles entangle fibres through repeated punching.
Heat Setting (Optional) Heat bonding for added dimensional stability.
Finishing Surface treatment, calendaring, and roll winding.

44
Technology Junction
Technological Advancements in Needle Punching Machines
Modern needle punching lines are capable of high-speed, high-volume production with advanced features such as:
Needle-punched nonwovens are widely used in the following agricultural functions:
Elliptical Needle Motion
Reduces needle
wear and increases
fabric uniformity
Modular Design
Allows integration
with thermal
bonding, lamination,
or chemical coating
units.
Custom Patterning
Using
programmable
needling zones for
aesthetic or
functional surface
features
•Stabilize slopes, prevent soil washouts.Erosion Control Mats
•Placed around plants to block light and prevent
weed growth
Weed Control Sheets
•Breathable covers that protect compost piles from
excessive rain
Compost Covers
•Assist in water management in nurseries and
plantations.
Drainage Mats

45
Technology Junction
Properties of Needle-Punched Agrotextiles
A European textile company employs needle
punching lines with high-density needle boards to
produce erosion control mats. These mats are made
using a blend of jute and PP ﬁbres. The company
integrates post-needling calendaring and surface
treatments to enhance resistance against microbial
degradation and UV exposure. The ﬁnal product is
used extensively along riverbanks and in terraced
agriculture.
The use of advanced nonwoven machinery like
Spunbond and Needle Punching technologies
has revolutionized agrotextile production. These
machines not only ensure high-speed, large-scale
production but also deliver fabrics tailored to the
complex needs of modern agriculture. With
ongoing innovation and the increasing
integration of eco-friendly materials and
AI-based quality monitoring, the future of
agrotextile manufacturing is promising,
sustainable, and technologically robust.
From soil protection to crop enhancement,
nonwoven agrotextiles are becoming
indispensable to sustainable farming, thanks
largely to the innovations in textile machinery.
As the global agricultural sector moves
toward climate resilience and sustainability,
these technologies will form the backbone of
agricultural fabric solutions.
Property Description Benefit in Agriculture
Mechanical Strength High tear and puncture resistance.
Withstands heavy load and
soil pressure.
Water Permeability Customizable porosity.
Enables water drainage and
soil aeration.
Dimensional Stability Maintains shape after installation.
Durable in outdoor
landscapes.
Eco-compatibility Compatible with biodegradable fibres.
Sustainable farming
practices.

46
Technology Junction
In the grand narrative of agricultural advancement, the
integration of technical textiles into the fabric of modern
farming stands as one of the most transformative
developments of the 21st century. Among these, agro-
textiles and greenhouse technologies have emerged as
pivotal players in shaping the future of sustainable and
productive agriculture.
A greenhouse is more than a shelter for plants; it is
a carefully engineered microclimatic chamber that
manipulates environmental conditions to favor plant
growth. Theoretical foundations of greenhouses lie in
thermodynamics, light physics, material science, and
plant physiology.
At its core, a greenhouse works on the principle of the
greenhouse effect. Solar radiation enters through the
transparent covering, typically glass or plastic, and
is absorbed by the surfaces inside, including plants
and soil. These surfaces re-emit energy in the infrared
spectrum, which cannot easily pass back through
the covering material, thus trapping heat within the
structure. This phenomenon creates a warmer internal
environment compared to the outside, particularly
beneﬁcial for plant growth during colder seasons.
The design of a greenhouse also involves consideration
of factors such as orientation, ventilation, structural
material, and insulation. Orientation ensures maximum
solar gain, while controlled ventilation balances
temperature, humidity, and gas exchange. Structurally,
greenhouses must be resilient to environmental forces
AGROTEXTILES AGROTEXTILES
FOR SUSTAINABLE FOR SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE

47
Technology Junction
such as wind, snow, and hail, necessitating a nuanced
understanding of mechanical load distribution and
material durability.
Agro-textiles refer to the specialized subset of
technical textiles used in agriculture and horticulture
to enhance productivity, quality, and sustainability.
The theory behind agro-textiles is an intersection of
textile engineering, polymer chemistry, agronomy, and
environmental science.
The primary function of agro-textiles is to modify
the immediate environment of crops. This includes
controlling radiation, moisture, temperature, and
exposure to wind and pests. Textiles such as shade
nets, insect nets, mulch mats, and ground covers are
engineered with speciﬁc properties tailored to these
functions.
From a theoretical standpoint, the efﬁcacy of agro-
textiles depends on their porosity, tensile strength, UV
stability, permeability, and durability. The choice of ﬁber
natural or synthetic along with weave patterns and
coating technologies plays a crucial role in determining
these properties.
The marriage between greenhouses and agro-textiles
represents a convergence of microclimatic management
and protective textile engineering. In theoretical terms,
this relationship can be understood through systems
theory and ecological modeling.
In systems theory, a greenhouse equipped with agro-
textiles can be seen as a closed-loop system where
inputs (light, water, nutrients) and outputs (plant
biomass, oxygen, heat) are regulated for optimal
efﬁciency. Agro-textiles act as control elements,
ﬁne-tuning the environmental parameters within the
greenhouse. For example, thermal screens reduce heat
loss, while shading cloths prevent excessive solar gain,
contributing to a more stable and controlled system.
Ecological modeling helps in predicting plant responses
under varying conditions modulated by textiles within
greenhouses. This predictive capability is crucial
for designing smarter, more responsive agricultural
environments that mimic natural ecosystems while
amplifying productivity.
Material selection is foundational to both greenhouses
and agro-textiles. The theoretical basis for material
choice lies in polymer physics, degradation kinetics,
and mechanical engineering. Polymers such as

48
Technology Junction
polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyester dominate
due to their lightweight nature, mechanical strength,
and resistance to environmental degradation. Additives
such as UV stabilizers, anti-fog agents, and ﬂame
retardants enhance the functional lifespan and safety of
these materials.
The theoretical understanding of light transmission
and diffusion is particularly critical. For greenhouses,
covers must allow maximum Photosynthetically Active
Radiation (PAR) while diffusing light to reduce shadows
and improve uniformity. This requires precise control
over the refractive index, surface texture, and thickness
of the covering materials.
In agro-textiles, the weave density, ﬁber orientation, and
surface ﬁnish inﬂuence not just physical properties but
also ecological interactions such as pest deterrence
and water conservation. The scientiﬁc principles behind
ﬁber interactions with environmental agents form a key
area of theoretical exploration.
Controlling the thermal and optical environment is a
central theme in greenhouse and agro-textile design.
Theories from thermodynamics and optics inform
strategies to manage heat and light efﬁciently.
Heat transfer within greenhouses involves conduction
through structural elements, convection via air
movement, and radiation from surfaces. Understanding
the principles of energy balance helps in designing
covers and textiles that reduce undesirable heat
exchange. For instance, aluminized thermal screens
reﬂect infrared radiation back into the growing space,
conserving energy during the night.
Optical management, on the other hand, involves
selecting materials that optimize light quality and
quantity. The theory of selective light ﬁltering allows for
materials that promote speciﬁc wavelengths beneﬁcial
for plant growth, while blocking others that may trigger
stress responses or promote weed growth.
The rise of greenhouses and agro-textiles must be
theoretically examined in the context of sustainability
and environmental stewardship. Life Cycle Assessment
provides a theoretical framework for evaluating the
environmental footprint of materials and processes
used.
Sustainability theories emphasize resource efﬁciency,
recyclability, and minimal ecological disruption. In this
light, biodegradable textiles and recyclable polymers
represent a theoretical shift towards circular agriculture.
Environmental ethics further add a philosophical
dimension, urging innovations that align with ecological
harmony and intergenerational responsibility.
The concept of ecosystem services also becomes
relevant, where agro-textiles and greenhouses are
seen not just as production tools but as contributors to

49
Technology Junction
water conservation, soil preservation, and biodiversity
enhancement.
Understanding how plants respond to their modiﬁed
environments under the inﬂuence of greenhouses and
agro-textiles requires a theoretical model of plant-
environment interactions.
Photosynthesis models help quantify the impact of
light modulation, while transpiration and stomatal
conductance theories inform the design of humidity and
temperature control systems. Plant stress physiology
offers insights into how textiles that mitigate wind or UV
exposure reduce abiotic stress and enhance growth.
Crop simulation models, integrating factors such as
radiation use efﬁciency, canopy temperature, and soil
moisture dynamics, allow for a theoretical assessment
of productivity gains under textile-modiﬁed conditions.
Agro-textiles are rooted in the rich theoretical landscape
of textile engineering. Yarn mechanics, fabric
construction, and ﬁnishing processes all contribute to
the performance characteristics of these textiles.
Weaving and knitting theories explain how different fabric
structures can inﬂuence tensile behavior, elongation,
and porosity. Coating and lamination theories delve into
how surface treatments can enhance properties such
as hydrophobicity, UV resistance, and antimicrobial
action.
Fiber science
adds another
layer, exploring the
molecular structure
of polymers and
their transformation
under environmental
stresses. This
theoretical
knowledge underpins innovations in smart textiles
materials that respond dynamically to changes in
temperature, humidity, or light.
The future of greenhouses and agro-textiles is intricately
tied to ongoing theoretical research. Emerging areas
such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, and AI-
driven climate modeling are expected to redeﬁne the
boundaries of what is possible.
Nanoﬁbers and nanocoatings promise superior control
over environmental parameters, offering ultra-lightweight
and high-strength materials. Theoretical models in
biotechnology are paving the way for bioactive textiles
that can interact with plant biochemistry to promote
growth or resist pathogens.

50
Technology Junction

51
Technology Junction
BETA VERSION

52
State at a Glance HARYANA
Textile Policy
Haryana has vibrant textile sector and exhibits
strength across the entire value chain from &#6684777;bre to
fabric. Textile sector has signi&#6684777;cant importance for
the state’s economy as this is the largest employer in
the state after agriculture. Haryana is fourth largest
producer of cotton in India and contributes around
6 per cent of country’s total cotton production. The
main cotton producing districts in Haryana are Sirsa,
Fatehabad, Bhiwani, Hisar and Jind. The abundant
availability of raw material coupled with conducive
business environment provides Haryana a competitive
advantage in the textile sector.
Sirsa, Fatehabad, Hisar, Jind
Major Cotton producing districts
As per HEEP 2020, State Govt.
shall encourage the development
of textile clusters for
manufacturing of hosiery in Sirsa
and an Integrated Textile Park in
Hisar
Mewat
As per HEEP 2020, State
Govt. shall encourage the
development of Apparel Park
exclusively for apparel
manufacturing units in Mewat
Bhiwani
Hub of Non-woven Textiles
and major cotton producing
district
Panipat
Hub of Home
furnishing fabrics,
Terry-towels &
Blankets
Sonipat
Hub of Technical
Textiles
Gurugram
Hub of
Readymade
garments
Faridabad
Hub of Technical Textiles and
fabric suppliers
As per HEEP 2020, State
Govt. shall encourage the
development of Textile Park
exclusively for Dyers &
Processors in Faridabad

53
State at a Glance
Block Fixed Capital Investment Employment
Block- B More than INR 400 Crore 1200 Persons
Block- C More than INR 300 Crore 900 Persons
Block- D More than INR 250 Crore 750 Persons

Maximum Cap
Quantum of
Incentives
Category of
Industry
Type of
Industry
Type of
Incentives
2.5 Cr35%B
General
Fiscal
Incentives (as
% of FCI)
3.5 Cr40%C/D
3.5 Cr35%BTechnical
Textile/ Import
Substitution
5.0 Cr40%C/D
4.0 Cr40%B/C/D
Open End
Spinning/ Waste
to Fibres
2.0 Cr30%B/C/D
Tex Machine
Manufacturing
80%B
General
Stamp Duty
Reimbursemen
t
100%C/D
20 Lakh/yr6%B
General
Interest
Subsidy on
Term Loan
30 Lakh/yr7%C
50 Lakh/yr7%D
100% of FCI
for 8 yrs
25%B
General
Investment
Subsidy in lieu
of Net SGST
125% of FCI
for 10 yrs
50%C/D
B/C/D
INR 48,000/-per
year for SC/
Women
Employment
Generation
Subsidy
INR 36,000/-per
year for general
category
10 Lakh1% of FOB
value or actual
freight
(whichever
lower)
B
General
Freight
Assistance
(Exports)
15 LakhC
20 LakhD
2 Crore
50% of total
project cost
BGeneral
Skill Training 5 CroreC
10 CroreD
10 years100%B
General
Electricity Duty
Exemption
15 years100%C
20 years100%D
70% of project
t

54
State at a Glance
10 CroreD
10 years100%B
General
Electricity Duty
Exemption
15 years100%C
20 years100%D
1 Crore
70% of project
cost
CETP
Green
Initiatives
1 Crore
75% of project
cost
D
10 Crore
40% of project
cost
AZLD
50% of project
cost
B
60% of project
cost
C
75% of project
cost
D
Max 2 Lacs
75% of Energy
Audit Cost
A/B/C/D
Energy
Conservation
20 Lakh on
cost of capital
equipment
20%A
30%B
40%C
50%D
Rs 1 Lac
75% of Water
Audit Cost
A/B/C/D
Water
Conversion
20 lakh on cost
of capital
equipment
required
30%A/B
Support for
Solar Rooftop
40 lakh on cost
of capital
equipment
required
50%C
50 lakh on cost
of capital
equipment
required
D
50 Crore20%B
General
Capital
Investment
Subsidy (for
Anchor units
only)
100 Crore20%C
150 Crore20%D
100%
Reimbursement
A/B/C/D
Stamp Duty
Reimbursement
Textile Parks
100%

55
State at a Glance
ReimbursementReimbursement
100%
exemption of
applicable
charges.
A/B/C/D
Internal
Development
Charges (IDC)
10 Crore50%A/B/C/D
Support for
Sustainable
Infrastructure
(Common ZLD)
in Textile Park
A/B/C/D
External
Development
Charges (EDC)
10 Crore
90% of grant-
in-aid from
Government of
Haryana & 10%
contribution
from SPV
A/B/C/DGeneral
Development
of CFCs for
Textile Cluster
For upgradation
of QMC,
Panipat, an
additional
budget of INR
30 crore shall
be provisioned
Upgradation of
QMC at Panipat
For setting of
two new
QMCs, an
additional
budget of INR
30 Crore for
Gurugram and
INR 50 Crore
for Integrated
Manufacturing
Cluster, Hisar
shall be
provisioned.
Setting of new
QMCs at
Gurugram
and Hisar

56
State at a Glance

T B DEXTILE USINESS IGEST
OTHER
EDITIONS
OUR
REACH YOUR NICHE TARGET MARKET
To know more please write at
[email protected]
5%
26%
4%
31%
3%
18%
5%
3%
1%
1%
1%2%
READERSHIP DISTRIBUTION SPREAD
Brands/Buying Houses/Merchant
Exporters
Home Textile Manufacturers
Accessories Manufacturers
Fabric Manufacturers
Process Houses
Raw Material Manufacturers
Utility Suppliers
Service Providers
Textile Institutions
Textile Associations
Machine Suppliers
Month Focus Product of the Month
UPCOMING EDITIONS
3%
35%
2%
25%
22%
6%
4%
1%
1%1%
Readership > 1,25,000
Brands/Buying Houses
Garment Manufacturer
Accessories Manufacturers
Fabric Manufacturers
Yarn Manufacturers
Utility Suppliers
Service Providers
Textile Institutions
Textile Associations
Machine Suppliers
Month Focus Product of the Month
Tactical Textiles
Spandex based Fabrics
Oct-25
Nov-25
Dec-25 Warp Knitted Fabric
UPCOMING EDITIONS
PVC Coated Products
Kitchen Linen
Cushion & Cushion Covers
Oct-25
Nov-25
Dec-25
www.getmytbd.com
SEPTEMBER 2025
T B DEXTILEUSINESSIGEST

Stylish Fashion Creations Made from Non Woven Textile Fabric: Get My TBD

About This Presentation

Slide Content

Tags

Categories

Download

Quick Actions

Statistics

Related Slideshows

Stylish Fashion Creations Made from Non Woven Textile Fabric: Get My TBD

About This Presentation

Slide Content

Slide 1

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50

Slide 51

Slide 52

Slide 53

Slide 54

Slide 55

Slide 56

Slide 57

Slide 58

Slide 60

Tags

Categories

Download

Quick Actions

Statistics

Related Slideshows

MGV Residential Design projects for different clients, including a New Mexico Adobe project-1-.pdf

EUNITED_Advocacy and Public Engagement through Visual Media

DESIGN THINKINGGG PPT 2 TOPIC IDEATION.pptx

DESIGN THINKING CHAPTER 1 PPTT PPT 1.pptx

Hinduism and Its History - PowerPoint Slides.pptx

Service Attributes of Manufactured Parts.pptx