Subhana Choudhary.paper 1 (1).pptx based on paper 1

Neuroendocrine system

1. Neuroendocrine system Presented by- Subhana Choudhary

2. Synopsis Introduction Key Components Hormones Major neuroendocrine system HPT Axis HPA Axis HPG Axis Neuroseceretion Neuroendocrine Reflex Conclusion References

3. Introduction Endocrine System interacts and cooperates with the nervous system to regulate the activities of the organ systems of the body. Neuro means nerve and endocrine refers to the cells of the endocrine system.

4. The neuroendocrine system is the mechanism by which the hypothalamus maintains homeostasis, regulating reproduction, metabolism, eating and drinking behaviour, energy utilization, osmolarity and blood pressure etc.

5. Key Components: Hypothalamus :
Often referred to as the “relay center ” of the brain, the hypothalamus integrates inputs from different brain areas.
It translates electrical signals from various brain regions into chemical signals in the form of hormones or releasing factors.
These chemicals travel to the pituitary gland and then into the systemic circulation.

6. Pituitary Gland:
Divided into two lobes: the anterior pituitary, and the posterior pituitary.
The anterior pituitary’s hormone secretion is controlled by releasing factors (tropic hormones) sent by the hypothalamus through the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system.
The posterior pituitary is directly innervated by the hypothalamus.

7. Major Neuroendocrine Systems: 1. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis (HPT) 2. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA) 3. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonad Axis (HPG)

8. HPA Axis HPA axis is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three endocrine glands: the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the adrenal gland. • The HPA axis has a central role in regulating many homeostatic systems in the body.

9. Neurosecretion - Release mechanism Neurohormones Neurosecretory cells

10. Conclusion the neuroendocrine system is a complex and sophisticated communication network that plays a pivotal role in regulating various physiological processes. It ensures the maintenance of homeostasis and the proper functioning of the body. This system involves the interaction between specialized cells, hormones, and neurotransmitters, allowing for precise communication and control throughout the body.

11. References Animal physiology and ecology – by P.S. Verma Zoology – by R.S. Govind PMT – by R.K. Gupta Research paper – science direct.