Success Stories of Biocontrol Agents final..pptx

Biological control is particularly useful where chemical pesticides are not suitable or are impractical in environmentally sensitive areas, or on low-unit-value crops, such as alfalfa or soybeans, where complete control may not be required.

1. Success Stories of Biocontrol Agents Examples that Prove Biocontrol as a Necessity rather than an option Submitted by : Aishna Srivastava M.Sc. Plant Pathology (1 st year) IARI, IIWBR, Karnal

2. Adressing 3 W’s regarding Biocontol Agents: What, Why and Where? What is Biocontrol? Organisms derived from nature and used against pests, weeds, and diseases are biocontrol agents. They work by either killing, deterring, or disrupting the target.    Why there is a need to use? Biocontrol agents hold the potential to replace chemical pesticides. They can be employed as  biopesticides ,  biofertilizers , and stimulators for plant development.  Where we can apply Biocontrol agents? Biological control is particularly useful where chemical pesticides are not suitable or are impractical in environmentally sensitive areas, or on low-unit-value crops, such as alfalfa or soybeans, where complete control may not be required. A beet armyworm larva killed (top) by an NPV A cicada infected by  Beauveria bassiana

3. Sneak Peak Into the Bio-Controlling strategy adopted in Bangladesh for controlling White grubs in Sugarcane

4. Introduction to the pest of the story : White Grub White grubs, Holotrichia seticollis Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Soil-inhabiting and root-feeding immature stages of scarab beetles. White grubs are polyphagous pests with a wide range of hosts, damaging both on adult and larval stages; however, the larvae are a greater nuisance. Damage in sugercanes Yellowing and wilting of leaves. Affected canes come off easily when pulled. Cause extensive damage to roots and base of shoot. Affected canes shows lodging in the field. Damages can seen more in ratoon crop when compare to plant crop Yellowing of leaves Affected canes

5. Need of Biocontrol : Analysis of Situation In Bangladesh, white grub is one of the seven pests of national importance.Its attack is mainly confined to the nonflooded sandy loam soil areas in the north and northwestern parts of Bangladesh. So far, 17 species of white grubs have been identified in sugarcane. The yield loss due to white grubs was found to be 23.07-38.17 t ha-1 (Miah et al., 1986). Novel pest control emphasises the use of biological control and other control measures, and especially the chemicals must play a supportive, rather than disruptive role.

6. BioControl Agent Adopted to control white grub The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against white grubs in sugarcane fields was used ( by a Swiss scientist, Dr Siegfried Keller for the first time in Nepal to control White grubs.) Vision was to Develop a suitable recommendation for eco-friendly control of white grubs to various counterparts in Bangladesh.

7. MODE OF ACTION

8. Plan of Action The experiment was comprised of seven treatments were: T1: Metarhizium anisopliae @ 3.0 kg ha1 applied in Planting + March + May + July T2 : Metarhizium anisopliae @ 4.0 kg ha-1 applied in Planting + March + May + July T3 : Metarhizium anisopliae @ 5.0 kg ha-1 applied in Planting + March + May + July T4 : Beauveria bassiana @ 3.0 kg ha-1 applied in Planting + March + May + July T5: Beauveria bassiana @ 4.0 kg ha-1 applied in Planting + March + May + July T6 : Beauveria bassiana @ 5.0 kg ha-1 applied in Planting + March + May + July T0: Control (untreated)

9. Observations Effects of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana on yield of sugarcane against white grubs, RSRS, Thakurgaon .

10. Conclusion Bio-pesticides Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana might be used alternatively to chemical control as an environmental friendly component which might reduce the use of chemical insecticides against sugarcane white grubs and management cost and ensure environmental safety. Among the two bio-pesticides viz., Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana @ 5.0 kg ha-1 were provided effective control against sugarcane white grubs in commercial cultivation of sugarcane growing North-Western regions of Bangladesh.

11. Analysing the control of Silver leaf white fly in cotton in India

12. Introduction to the Pest and Damage Silver leaf white fly ( Bemisia tabaci Aleyrodiadae : Homoptera ) Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci ( Gennadius ) is a destructive insect pest and vector of Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae ) which transmits virus diseases in several important crop plants leading to severe losses in yield and quality. Honeydew secreted by them promotes the growth of fungi like sooty mold on fruits, fowers and other economically important plant parts which reduces their market value. Whitefly feeding results in symptoms like chlorosis, withering and premature dropping of leaves and sometimes plant’s death.

13. Need of Biocontrol : Analysis of Situation The first record of presence of B. tabaci in India was in 1905 from cotton. Whitefly, B. tabaci is the major sucking pests on cotton in northern and southern India, while the whiteflies are the predominant sucking pests on brinjal in eastern India. Huge populations of whiteflies were recorded during 2015 in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan leading to considerable economic losses to the farmers.  40 per cent of the standing cotton crop has been affected by the whitefly attack in Fazilka making it one of the worst-hit districts of the state.

14. Methods Adopted to control A field survey during 2016 and 2017 in different cotton growing districts of Punjab reported the presence of Sixteen species of natural enemies including 7 species of insect predators. Coccinella septempunctata Linneaus By using Predators

15. Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius) Serangium parcesetosum Sicard

16. Chrysoperla zastrowi Zanchius breviceps (Wagner)

17. The parasitization by Encarsia spp. on whitefly in different cotton growing areas of Punjab ranged from 1.5 to 9.1 %. Srinivasa et al. (1999) reported the occurrence of Encarsia haitiensis Dozier in Bangalore, Karnataka and also showed that the per cent parasitism was influenced by the host plant.). Ramani (2000) reported both E. haitiensis and E. guadeloupe Viggiani from Lakshadweep Islands (India). The latter species has been introduced into mainland India around Bangalore and has well established and is spreading. By using Parasitoids ( ( Encarsia lutea (Masi), Encarsia Sophia)

18. MODE OF ACTION

19. Conclusion Both the species of parasitoid and the native predators are maintaining the pest under check now wherever they occur. Among predators, Chrysoperla was the found to be predominant species.

20. Present Context Several natural enemies prey whiteflies including ladybird beetles, big-eyed bugs, and parasitic wasps. If you see these insects, do not kill them. Use  Chrysoperla carnea  cards in the cotton field from June to September Botanical spray of Neem seed kernel extract 5% (50 kg), neem oil at 5 ml/l of water also effective against white fly

21. Thankyou….